Cannabis in Romania is illegal for recreational and for medical use. Although it was technically legalized for medical use in 2013, it has not been eliminated from the Table I of High Risk Drugs, and as such its use is prohibited.

Some of the earliest evidence of the psychoactive use of cannabis have been found in Romania, including the archaeological sites of Frumușica and Gurbănești.

In 1928, Romania established laws for countering narcotics, including hashish and its preparations.

A limited medical cannabis law was passed in 2013, allowing for the use of low-THC (below 0.2%) derivatives of the plant only. While medical cannabis cannot be prescribed by doctors in Romania, because no such medication has been made available to the market, the Romanian Government has made it clear that cannabis of any potency will be accepted, if doctors from the rest of the EU prescribed it.

In July 2024, a Romanian couple residing in the United Kingdom, were detained and interrogated for several hours at Bucharest Henri Coandă Airport. They were subsequently charged for the import of illicit drugs into the country by DIICOT, and had their cannabis seized by the agency, despite having the relevant medical documents. The indictment and seizure were later overturned by the Bucharest Court of Appeal.

Save Romania Union Youth was the first youth organisation of a Romanian political party to openly support the decriminalisation of cannabis.

In 2023, the REPER party held the "3grame" initiative, which proposed a law that would make possession of up to 3 grams of cannabis into a misdemeanor, instead of a criminal offense. The draft law received negative evaluations from all reviewing committees and was ultimately rejected. Other groups, such as groups Incoltim Buruieni have also been advocating to decriminalize cannabis in the country.