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Carlo Geloso
Carlo Geloso (20 August 1879 – 23 July 1957) was an Italian general during the Second World War. In 1939, he assumed command of the Italian forces in Albania. In 1940, he served as commander of the 11th Army during the Greco-Italian War. He was the commander of the Italian occupation forces in Greece from 1941 to 1943. After Italy joined the Allies, he became a German prisoner-of-war. After the German surrender, he was briefly imprisoned by the Soviets but was released in 1946.
Born in Palermo on 20 August 1879 to Bonaventura Geloso and Fortunata Burgio di Villanova, Carlo Geloso entered the Military Academy of Artillery and Engineers of Turin on 27 October 1898. After graduation, he was commissioned as a second lieutenant of artillery on 26 August 1901 and continued his studies at the Application School of Artillery and Engineers at Turin. He graduated in 1903 and being promoted to lieutenant on 11 August. He was assigned to the 3rd Fortress Artillery Regiment. On 28 December 1907 he wed Angela Rocaglia, and in April 1909, he was transferred to the 15th Field Artillery Regiment. He successfully completed the general staff course in Turin in 1910, and was promoted to captain by selection (before the regular promotion period) on 30 November 1911. Until 1912, he served in the staffs the Territorial Military Divisions of Rome and then Naples. In July 1912, he embarked for Tripolitania, to establish a commissariat for the Italian expeditionary corps at Zuara. He returned to Italy on 5 August, but he remained in command of the commissariat until April 1914, when he was appointed to the 9th Fortress Artillery Regiment.
After Italy entered World War I, he was sent to serve in a staff position in the Julian Alps Front. On 9 November 1915, he was promoted to major. In May 1916, he was appointed chief of staff of the 31st Infantry Division. His participation in the Sixth Battle of the Isonzo with the division earned him his first Silver Medal of Military Valor. In February 1917, he was transferred to the general staff. In May he won his second Silver Medal of Military Valor for his participation in the Tenth Battle of the Isonzo in the Bosco Malo-Pod Horite area and was promoted to lieutenant-colonel on 31 May. As chief of staff of the 65th Infantry Division from July, he fought in the Eleventh Battle of the Isonzo in the Mešnjak area and won his third Silver Medal in the process, and then, he fought in the disastrous Battle of Caporetto. From April 1918 he was chief of staff of the 34th Infantry Division. His organizational ability was recognised in September by a commendation and the award of a knighthood in the Military Order of Savoy. After the armistice, he spent some time in the Tonale–Garda area, moved to the post of commandant in Padua and then joined the Rome garrison and the general staff.
Despite his distinguished if unexceptional career, from 20 July 1920 to 7 March 1925 he was relegated to a "Special Auxiliary Position", a special arrangement intended to handle the large number of officers after the end of the war. During that time, he became a member of the Italian Fascist Party on 4 May 1921 and was promoted to colonel on 31 December 1924.
On his return to active duty in 1925, he was assigned to the General Secretariat of the Supreme Commission on Defence, and he left the service from February 1926. He remained at that post until 1 March 1928, when he was sent to command the 6th Heavy Field Artillery Regiment.
On 25 January 1931 he was promoted brigadier general, and in March 1931, he returned to Rome as chief of staff to the VIII Army Corps. He then served as artillery commander of the III Army Corps at Milan in 1933, before being appointed acting chief of staff for the X Army Corps at Naples in 1934 and for the VI Army Corps at Bologna in 1935. On 25 November 1935, he was appointed to the highly-prestigious and sought-after post of commander of the Granatieri di Sardegna Infantry Division in Rome.
In March 1936 he was sent to Italian Somaliland to command the Special Infantry Division "Laghi" during the Second Italo-Ethiopian War. There, he occupied the area of the equatorial area and defeated the Ethiopian ras Desta Damtew. In October 1936 he became governor of the area, now the Galla-Sidamo Governorate, as well as commander of the local Italian garrison. For his service, he was promoted to divisional general in December and received a further Military Order of Savoy. He remained at that position until 1938. His violent suppression of Ethiopian resistance, particularly in the wake of a failed assassination attempt on Viceroy Rodolfo Graziani in February 1937, led to him being listed as a war criminal by the Ethiopian government, which attempted to have him extradited to Ethiopia after the Second World War.
In 1938, he returned to Rome, until 3 August as Honorary Governor of Galla-Sidamo, but in 1939, he was promoted to army corps general and sent to command the Bari Army Corps. Promoted to army corps general, he was sent in October to command first the VII Army Corps at Trieste and then, on 1 December, the XXVI Army Corps, comprising the Italian garrison (XXVI Army Corps) in Italian-occupied Albania.
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Carlo Geloso
Carlo Geloso (20 August 1879 – 23 July 1957) was an Italian general during the Second World War. In 1939, he assumed command of the Italian forces in Albania. In 1940, he served as commander of the 11th Army during the Greco-Italian War. He was the commander of the Italian occupation forces in Greece from 1941 to 1943. After Italy joined the Allies, he became a German prisoner-of-war. After the German surrender, he was briefly imprisoned by the Soviets but was released in 1946.
Born in Palermo on 20 August 1879 to Bonaventura Geloso and Fortunata Burgio di Villanova, Carlo Geloso entered the Military Academy of Artillery and Engineers of Turin on 27 October 1898. After graduation, he was commissioned as a second lieutenant of artillery on 26 August 1901 and continued his studies at the Application School of Artillery and Engineers at Turin. He graduated in 1903 and being promoted to lieutenant on 11 August. He was assigned to the 3rd Fortress Artillery Regiment. On 28 December 1907 he wed Angela Rocaglia, and in April 1909, he was transferred to the 15th Field Artillery Regiment. He successfully completed the general staff course in Turin in 1910, and was promoted to captain by selection (before the regular promotion period) on 30 November 1911. Until 1912, he served in the staffs the Territorial Military Divisions of Rome and then Naples. In July 1912, he embarked for Tripolitania, to establish a commissariat for the Italian expeditionary corps at Zuara. He returned to Italy on 5 August, but he remained in command of the commissariat until April 1914, when he was appointed to the 9th Fortress Artillery Regiment.
After Italy entered World War I, he was sent to serve in a staff position in the Julian Alps Front. On 9 November 1915, he was promoted to major. In May 1916, he was appointed chief of staff of the 31st Infantry Division. His participation in the Sixth Battle of the Isonzo with the division earned him his first Silver Medal of Military Valor. In February 1917, he was transferred to the general staff. In May he won his second Silver Medal of Military Valor for his participation in the Tenth Battle of the Isonzo in the Bosco Malo-Pod Horite area and was promoted to lieutenant-colonel on 31 May. As chief of staff of the 65th Infantry Division from July, he fought in the Eleventh Battle of the Isonzo in the Mešnjak area and won his third Silver Medal in the process, and then, he fought in the disastrous Battle of Caporetto. From April 1918 he was chief of staff of the 34th Infantry Division. His organizational ability was recognised in September by a commendation and the award of a knighthood in the Military Order of Savoy. After the armistice, he spent some time in the Tonale–Garda area, moved to the post of commandant in Padua and then joined the Rome garrison and the general staff.
Despite his distinguished if unexceptional career, from 20 July 1920 to 7 March 1925 he was relegated to a "Special Auxiliary Position", a special arrangement intended to handle the large number of officers after the end of the war. During that time, he became a member of the Italian Fascist Party on 4 May 1921 and was promoted to colonel on 31 December 1924.
On his return to active duty in 1925, he was assigned to the General Secretariat of the Supreme Commission on Defence, and he left the service from February 1926. He remained at that post until 1 March 1928, when he was sent to command the 6th Heavy Field Artillery Regiment.
On 25 January 1931 he was promoted brigadier general, and in March 1931, he returned to Rome as chief of staff to the VIII Army Corps. He then served as artillery commander of the III Army Corps at Milan in 1933, before being appointed acting chief of staff for the X Army Corps at Naples in 1934 and for the VI Army Corps at Bologna in 1935. On 25 November 1935, he was appointed to the highly-prestigious and sought-after post of commander of the Granatieri di Sardegna Infantry Division in Rome.
In March 1936 he was sent to Italian Somaliland to command the Special Infantry Division "Laghi" during the Second Italo-Ethiopian War. There, he occupied the area of the equatorial area and defeated the Ethiopian ras Desta Damtew. In October 1936 he became governor of the area, now the Galla-Sidamo Governorate, as well as commander of the local Italian garrison. For his service, he was promoted to divisional general in December and received a further Military Order of Savoy. He remained at that position until 1938. His violent suppression of Ethiopian resistance, particularly in the wake of a failed assassination attempt on Viceroy Rodolfo Graziani in February 1937, led to him being listed as a war criminal by the Ethiopian government, which attempted to have him extradited to Ethiopia after the Second World War.
In 1938, he returned to Rome, until 3 August as Honorary Governor of Galla-Sidamo, but in 1939, he was promoted to army corps general and sent to command the Bari Army Corps. Promoted to army corps general, he was sent in October to command first the VII Army Corps at Trieste and then, on 1 December, the XXVI Army Corps, comprising the Italian garrison (XXVI Army Corps) in Italian-occupied Albania.
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