Chaoshan or Teoswa (Chinese: 潮汕; pinyin: Cháoshàn; Cantonese Yale: Chìuhsaan; Teochew peng'im: Dio⁵ suan¹ [ti̯o˥˥˩˩.sũ̯ã˧˧] or Diê⁵ suan¹ [ti̯e˥˥˩˩.sũ̯ã˧˧] ) is a cultural-linguistic region in the east of Guangdong, China. It is the origin of the Teochew Min language. The region, also known as Chiushan in Cantonese, consists of the cities Chaozhou, Jieyang and Shantou. It differs linguistically from the rest of Guangdong province, which was historically dominated by Yue, Hakka, Haklau and Leizhou Min speakers.

Since the beginning of "the promotion of Standard Chinese" in China in late 1990s, many children cannot speak their native languages or dialects. Although many Teoswa scholars made an effort to keep the language, Mandarin has slowly become the dominant language in the region.

It is historically important as the ancestral homeland of many citizens of other countries of Chinese descent, including Viets, Thais, Cambodians, Singaporeans, Malaysians, and Indonesians.

The Teochew people are mainly spread over Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao; they have emigrated and established communities in Thailand, Malaysia, Cambodia, Singapore, Taiwan, France, the United States, Canada, New Zealand, Indonesia, and other countries and coastal areas. The Teochew Letters, which have been admitted into the Asia/Pacific Regional Memory of the World (MOW) Register, were family correspondence and remittance sent by Teochew immigrants in Southeast Asia to their families living in Chaoshan.

The name "Chaoshan" (潮汕) is a contraction of two prefecture-level cities in the region: Chaozhou (潮州) and Shantou (汕头). The name was first used in the 1904 construction of the Chao Chow and Swatow Railway, which connected the two major cities. Chaoshan then became the general name for three prefecture-level cities: Chaozhou, Shantou and Jieyang. Chaozhou and Shantou have agglomerated into a single, dense metropolitan area, which is among China's most densely populated. It is Guangdong's second largest metropolitan area, after the Guangzhou-centered Pearl River Delta. Chaozhou is a major cultural center of the Chaoshan region, and thus the descendants of overseas Chaoshan immigrants are often called "Chaozhou".

The Chaoshan region, despite having the second largest economy in Guangdong after the Pearl River Delta (PRD), is still considered quite economically small in comparison to the PRD's economy. Although the growth of the area's GDP stagnated in the late 1990s during the 1997 Asian financial crisis, it has experienced regional economic growth and a steady increase in GDP. Li Ka-shing has also invested heavily in the education and healthcare of the region, recognizing its potential for growth; in 2023, he donated RMB 100 million to support the construction of a new inpatient building of the Chaozhou People's Hospital.

There have been proposals to the Chinese government to amalgamate the region into one Special Economic Zone, as the split of the region into three cities (Chaozhou, Jieyang, and Shantou) in 1991 greatly slowed the level of economic growth in the region; in 2012, the per capita GDP of Shantou reached only US$4,250, whereas the province's total GDP per capita was US$8,600. During the period 2007–2012, there was only a 10% growth in GDP, whereas the average economic growth in the whole province was around 15%. In 2007, the total GDP of the four cities in eastern Guangdong was 210.748 billion yuan, accounting for 6.56% of the total GDP of the Province.

In 2023, the total GDP of Guangdong province was 13.57 trillion yuan while the GDP of Shantou, one of the first four special economic zones opened to the outside world, was only 315.83 billion yuan (2.33% of the Province's GDP), ranked 11th of the 21 cities in the Guangdong province; the GDP of Jieyang was 244.50 billion yuan (1.80% of the Province's GDP), ranked 13th; and the GDP of Chaozhou was 135.66 billion yuan (1.00% of the Province's GDP), ranked 19th.