Charleville (/ˈtʃɑːrlvɪl/) is a rural town and locality in the Shire of Murweh, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, the locality of Charleville had a population of 2,992.

Located in southwestern Queensland, Australia, Charleville is the terminus for the Warrego Highway, which stretches 747 kilometres (464 miles) from Brisbane and is situated:

It is the largest town and administrative centre of the Shire of Murweh, which covers an area of 43,905 square kilometres. Charleville is situated on the banks of the Warrego River.

The Mitchell Highway also connects Charleville with:

Bidjara (also known as Bidyara, Pitjara, and Peechara) is an Australian Aboriginal language spoken by the Bidjara people. The Bidjara language region includes the local government areas of the Shire of Murweh, particularly the towns of Charleville, Augathella and Blackall as well as the properties of Nive Downs and Mount Tabor.

Gungabula (also known as Kongabula and Khungabula) is an Australian Aboriginal language of the headwaters of the Dawson River in Central Queensland. The language region includes areas within the local government area of Maranoa Region, particularly the towns of Charleville, Augathella and Blackall and as well as the Carnarvon Range.

The first European exploration of the area, which was Kunja tribal land, was conducted by Edmund Kennedy in 1847.

Gowrie Station had been established around the Gowrie Crossing, a ford across the Warrego River (26°24′16″S 146°13′38″E / 26.4045°S 146.2273°E / -26.4045; 146.2273 (Gowrie Crossing)) along a natural stock route, for the grazing of sheep and cattle.