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Aircraft livery
An aircraft livery is a set of comprehensive insignia comprising color, graphic, and typographical identifiers which operators (airlines, governments, air forces and occasionally private and corporate owners) apply to their aircraft.
As aircraft liveries evolved in the years after the Second World War, they became a leading subset of the emerging disciplines of corporate identity and branding and among the most prominent examples of fashion. They have provided an arena for the work of distinguished designers and eminent lay people like Raymond Loewy, Alexander Girard, and Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis.[citation needed] The term is an adaptation of the word livery: the uniform-style clothing worn by servants of wealthy families and government representatives until the early/mid-20th century. With the advent of stagecoaches, railway trains, and steamships, the term livery spread to their decoration. Since the 1950s, elements of airline liveries permeated ground vehicles, advertising, proprietary airport furniture, airline promotional materials and aircrew uniforms in an increasingly integrated manner, spreading to airline websites in the 1990s.
Since the 1950s and 1960s, aircraft liveries have usually been uniform livery across an entire fleet. One-off custom-designs might be applied from time to time to individual fleet members to highlight set occasions.
Painting in multiple layers has evolved into the application of a basecoat-clearcoat system. The new method improves gloss, color retention, and drying speed. It can also double the life of the coating and weigh possibly 30% less than multiple layers. Paint can weigh up to 1,000 lb (450 kg) per aircraft. Decals and/or stickers are used for geometrically challenging elements such as titles and logos.
To paint an A380, 24 painters were needed over two weeks to apply 2,300 L (610 US gal) of paint in five coats for British Airways, to cover 3,500 m2 (38,000 sq ft) with 650 kg (1,430 lb). Emirates stripped and repainted one in 15 days with 34 people including seven days for painting, covering 3,076 m2 (33,110 sq ft) with 1,100 kg (2,400 lb) in seven coats.
Airline liveries involve set individual elements.
The airline's name is usually set in a specific style. This is closely defined by typographical designers as a logotype. The specification covers: typeface (either a commercially available typeface, or else a specially designed and copyrighted custom typeface); type size; type case (capitals or "uppercase," upper and lowercase, lowercase only); cut (Romans or upright letters, italics or slanted letters, regular/condensed/expanded type); weight (bold, medium, light); proportion (defined as units of tight or loose setting, plus amount and degree of type kerning). Size varies according to fleet member; the larger the aircraft, the larger the titling. Since type is designed to be customarily read from a flat surface, airline livery type is often modified to fit curved aircraft surfaces. The specifications result in a logotype: a cliche of type whose characteristics remain unchanged.
The airline's monogram or emblem is defined in terms of geometry by graphic designers. The resulting specification is called a logo. Logos are also modified to fit curved surfaces and appear identical from diverse viewing angles.
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Aircraft livery
An aircraft livery is a set of comprehensive insignia comprising color, graphic, and typographical identifiers which operators (airlines, governments, air forces and occasionally private and corporate owners) apply to their aircraft.
As aircraft liveries evolved in the years after the Second World War, they became a leading subset of the emerging disciplines of corporate identity and branding and among the most prominent examples of fashion. They have provided an arena for the work of distinguished designers and eminent lay people like Raymond Loewy, Alexander Girard, and Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis.[citation needed] The term is an adaptation of the word livery: the uniform-style clothing worn by servants of wealthy families and government representatives until the early/mid-20th century. With the advent of stagecoaches, railway trains, and steamships, the term livery spread to their decoration. Since the 1950s, elements of airline liveries permeated ground vehicles, advertising, proprietary airport furniture, airline promotional materials and aircrew uniforms in an increasingly integrated manner, spreading to airline websites in the 1990s.
Since the 1950s and 1960s, aircraft liveries have usually been uniform livery across an entire fleet. One-off custom-designs might be applied from time to time to individual fleet members to highlight set occasions.
Painting in multiple layers has evolved into the application of a basecoat-clearcoat system. The new method improves gloss, color retention, and drying speed. It can also double the life of the coating and weigh possibly 30% less than multiple layers. Paint can weigh up to 1,000 lb (450 kg) per aircraft. Decals and/or stickers are used for geometrically challenging elements such as titles and logos.
To paint an A380, 24 painters were needed over two weeks to apply 2,300 L (610 US gal) of paint in five coats for British Airways, to cover 3,500 m2 (38,000 sq ft) with 650 kg (1,430 lb). Emirates stripped and repainted one in 15 days with 34 people including seven days for painting, covering 3,076 m2 (33,110 sq ft) with 1,100 kg (2,400 lb) in seven coats.
Airline liveries involve set individual elements.
The airline's name is usually set in a specific style. This is closely defined by typographical designers as a logotype. The specification covers: typeface (either a commercially available typeface, or else a specially designed and copyrighted custom typeface); type size; type case (capitals or "uppercase," upper and lowercase, lowercase only); cut (Romans or upright letters, italics or slanted letters, regular/condensed/expanded type); weight (bold, medium, light); proportion (defined as units of tight or loose setting, plus amount and degree of type kerning). Size varies according to fleet member; the larger the aircraft, the larger the titling. Since type is designed to be customarily read from a flat surface, airline livery type is often modified to fit curved aircraft surfaces. The specifications result in a logotype: a cliche of type whose characteristics remain unchanged.
The airline's monogram or emblem is defined in terms of geometry by graphic designers. The resulting specification is called a logo. Logos are also modified to fit curved surfaces and appear identical from diverse viewing angles.