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Chipeta

Chipeta or White Singing Bird (1843 or 1844 – August 9, 1924) was a Native American leader, and the second wife of Chief Ouray of the Uncompahgre Ute tribe. Born a Kiowa Apache, she was raised by the Utes in what is now Conejos, Colorado. An advisor and confidant of her husband, Chipeta continued as a leader of her people after his death in 1880.

She was an Indian rights advocate and diplomat. She used diplomacy to try to achieve peace with the white settlers in Colorado. In 1985, Chipeta was inducted into Colorado Women's Hall of Fame for her "courage and valor she demonstrated in her efforts to mediate between Native Americans and whites."

Chipeta, also known as "White Singing Bird", was born into the Kiowa Apache tribe in about 1843. She was adopted and raised by the Uncompahgre Utes in what is now Conejos, Colorado. She learned their traditional ways and became a skilled artisan in beadwork, tanning and making garments, like dresses, shirts, moccasins, and leggings from the tanned hides. Described as "dignified, well-dressed, and beautiful" in the photograph taken by Mathew Brady, Chipeta spoke Ute, Spanish and English languages, although her obituary states that she never learned English.

In 1859, Chipeta married Chief Ouray of the Uncompahgres, becoming his second wife. His first wife had died and their child was kidnapped by Plains Indians. Ouray was ten years older than Chipeta, and at age 16, she was the youngest of his wives. Chipeta adopted four children and raised them as her own. She is generally thought to have never bore children, one account is that she had one son who was stolen by a band of Kiowas.

Chipeta's brother, Sapinero, was jealous of Ouray's power and tried to murder him to which he failed. Ouray took out his knife in order to kill the traitor but Chipeta grabbed it out of the sheath before Ouray could grab it, thus saving her brother's life.

Chipeta and Ouray went on annual hunting trips into the mountains together. Chief Ouray died in Ignacio, Colorado on August 24, 1880. After his death, the reservation was renamed to honor him. Chipeta continued as a leader of the Utes and was highly respected as a wise woman.

Chipeta married a White River Ute in Utah at the Ouray Agency, named Accumooquats.

The name Chipeta is often claimed to be a Ute name meaning "White Singing Bird", however, it is more likely a misspelling by English language speakers for the Spanish nickname Chepita, a common nickname for Josefina. One early photograph spells her name "Chepetta". Many newspapers of the era spelled her name "Chepita", consistent with the Spanish spelling. The Ute word for "white" is sagar(ü), "singing" is kaakay, and "bird" is wichich, which calls into question any suggestion that "Chipeta" is a Ute word for "White Singing Bird".

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