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Ciamis Regency
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Ciamis Regency
Ciamis Regency (Kabupaten Ciamis) is a landlocked regency in West Java, Indonesia, and shares a provincial border with Central Java. Its seat is the town of Ciamis, also the primary urban center. Formerly, the regency included the town of Banjar, which was separated out to become an independent city on 11 December 2002; it also included areas bordering the Indian Ocean, but these southern districts were cut off to form a separate Pangandaran Regency on 25 October 2012. The regency now covers 1,597.67 km2, and had a 2020 census population of 1,229,069, but the official estimate as of mid-2024 was 1,297,783 (comprising 651,625 males and 646,158 females).
Second incarnation of Galuh Kingdom reemerged in 16th century centered in Panaekan. In 1595, under Cipta Permana reign, the kingdom was conquered by Mataram Sultanate. In 1595, appointment of Adipati Panaekan, Cipta Permana's son, as wedana by the Mataram administration marked the region's new status as a subordinate territory of the Mataram Sultanate.
Adipati Panaekan moved the administrative center to Gara Tengah. He was then killed in 1625 by his brother-in-law, Adipati Kertabumi, after a dispute over strategy for attacking the VOC. Panaekan favored an immediate assault, whereas Kertabumi argued for consolidating forces first. Kertabumi then informed Sultan Agung—falsely—that Panaekan had conspired with Adipati Ukur to detach Ukur from the Mataram realm. Panaekan was replaced by his son, who bore the title Adipati Imbanagara.
Imbanagara himself was killed in 1636 by Mataram troops due to a misunderstanding. A figure named Patih Wiranangga attempted to claim succession by concealing the legitimate letter of appointment for the new ruler. When this was discovered, he was executed. The next ruler was Imbanagara's son, who received the title Adipati Panji Aria Jayanegara. He was installed on 5 Rabiul Awal, corresponding to 6 August 1636. Under his rule, Galuh was renamed Galuh Imbanagara.
Jayanagara moved the administrative center from Gara Tengah to Barunay. In 1641, the territory of Galuh Imbanagara was reduced after the areas of Bojong Lopang, Utama, Kawasen, and Banyumas were separated to form a new regency.
Under the agreement of 19–20 October 1677, Galuh, together with Limbangan, Sukapura, and Cirebon, was incorporated into the territories transferred by Mataram to the VOC. The ruler of Galuh at the time, R. Anggapraja—the eldest son of Jayanagara—refused to cooperate with the VOC, resulting in the leadership being passed to his younger brother, R. A. Angganaya. At that time, the population of Galuh was recorded at 708 inhabitants.
Leadership subsequently passed to R. A. Sutadinata in 1693. He became the first regent to serve under VOC authority, following the formalization of Galuh's status under the VOC in the agreement of 5 October 1705, granted as compensation for the VOC's support of Prince Puger in claiming the throne from Amangkurat III. During Sutadinata's administration, the VOC implemented the Prianganstelsel and an indirect rule system.
VOC records list Galuh's population as 1,333 in 1684, 398 in 1686, and 1,700 in 1706.
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Ciamis Regency
Ciamis Regency (Kabupaten Ciamis) is a landlocked regency in West Java, Indonesia, and shares a provincial border with Central Java. Its seat is the town of Ciamis, also the primary urban center. Formerly, the regency included the town of Banjar, which was separated out to become an independent city on 11 December 2002; it also included areas bordering the Indian Ocean, but these southern districts were cut off to form a separate Pangandaran Regency on 25 October 2012. The regency now covers 1,597.67 km2, and had a 2020 census population of 1,229,069, but the official estimate as of mid-2024 was 1,297,783 (comprising 651,625 males and 646,158 females).
Second incarnation of Galuh Kingdom reemerged in 16th century centered in Panaekan. In 1595, under Cipta Permana reign, the kingdom was conquered by Mataram Sultanate. In 1595, appointment of Adipati Panaekan, Cipta Permana's son, as wedana by the Mataram administration marked the region's new status as a subordinate territory of the Mataram Sultanate.
Adipati Panaekan moved the administrative center to Gara Tengah. He was then killed in 1625 by his brother-in-law, Adipati Kertabumi, after a dispute over strategy for attacking the VOC. Panaekan favored an immediate assault, whereas Kertabumi argued for consolidating forces first. Kertabumi then informed Sultan Agung—falsely—that Panaekan had conspired with Adipati Ukur to detach Ukur from the Mataram realm. Panaekan was replaced by his son, who bore the title Adipati Imbanagara.
Imbanagara himself was killed in 1636 by Mataram troops due to a misunderstanding. A figure named Patih Wiranangga attempted to claim succession by concealing the legitimate letter of appointment for the new ruler. When this was discovered, he was executed. The next ruler was Imbanagara's son, who received the title Adipati Panji Aria Jayanegara. He was installed on 5 Rabiul Awal, corresponding to 6 August 1636. Under his rule, Galuh was renamed Galuh Imbanagara.
Jayanagara moved the administrative center from Gara Tengah to Barunay. In 1641, the territory of Galuh Imbanagara was reduced after the areas of Bojong Lopang, Utama, Kawasen, and Banyumas were separated to form a new regency.
Under the agreement of 19–20 October 1677, Galuh, together with Limbangan, Sukapura, and Cirebon, was incorporated into the territories transferred by Mataram to the VOC. The ruler of Galuh at the time, R. Anggapraja—the eldest son of Jayanagara—refused to cooperate with the VOC, resulting in the leadership being passed to his younger brother, R. A. Angganaya. At that time, the population of Galuh was recorded at 708 inhabitants.
Leadership subsequently passed to R. A. Sutadinata in 1693. He became the first regent to serve under VOC authority, following the formalization of Galuh's status under the VOC in the agreement of 5 October 1705, granted as compensation for the VOC's support of Prince Puger in claiming the throne from Amangkurat III. During Sutadinata's administration, the VOC implemented the Prianganstelsel and an indirect rule system.
VOC records list Galuh's population as 1,333 in 1684, 398 in 1686, and 1,700 in 1706.
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