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Ciné-Kodak
The Ciné-Kodak was the first movie camera for 16 mm, manufactured by the Eastman Kodak Company and introduced in 1923. It was intended for home movie making. Kodak released additional models, including magazine-loading cameras as the Magazine Ciné-Kodak line and a line of 8 mm cameras under the Ciné-Kodak Eight sub-brand. The final 16 mm camera was the Kodak Reflex Special, released in 1961, dropping the Ciné-Kodak brand altogether; Kodak ceased production of 16 mm cameras in 1968, but continued to produce 8 mm and Super 8 film cameras under the Ektasound and Instamatic brands.
Kodak introduced 16 mm film in June 1923 alongside the first Ciné-Kodak, a movie camera that was both more portable and affordable than those using 35 mm film; the new camera and film type were more suited for amateur use and generally are credited as the enabling technology for the creation of the first home movies.
The initial prototype was a leather covered rectangular wooden box, which evolved into a cast aluminum box when the camera was released, approximately 8×8.5×4.5 in (200×220×110 mm) (H×L×W). The first Ciné-Kodak was cranked by hand at two turns per second to achieve the necessary 16 frames per second. Hand cranking meant that a tripod was essential to achieve a steady image. The camera was equipped with a fixed 1-inch (25mm) lens. Early in 1924 a battery-powered electric motor attachment was introduced, but this accessory was discontinued in 1926, at which time an improved version of the camera with an interchangeable Kodak Anastigmat f/1.9 lens was introduced. The lens focal range was 2 to 50 feet and INF (infinity). The only additional lens offered was a 78mm f/4.5 telephoto. With the discontinuation of the motor, additional crank accessories were introduced: one for single frames, and one with a 4:1 gear ratio for slow motion work.
In 1925, Kodak followed with a spring motor-driven Ciné-Kodak Model B, at which time the original Ciné-Kodak was re-designated as Model A, though that designation was not added to the camera nameplate until November 1929. A full winding of the spring would run the Model B motor for about fifteen to twenty feet of film. The Model B was available with fixed-focus f/6.5 and f/3.5 lenses, along with a version with a focusing f/1.9 lens; these cameras were intended for the amateur, while the Model A was retained as suitable for the advanced amateur. Special Editions of the Model B were released with ostrich leather covering the camera body and carrying case. In 1927, the Kodak list prices for Ciné-Kodak ranged from US$225 (equivalent to $4,070 in 2024) for the Model A with f/1.9 lens and tripod to US$75 (equivalent to $1,360 in 2024) for the Model B with f/6.5 lens. Production of Model A ceased in 1930; the Model B in 1931.
In 1929, a Model BB for 50-foot reels and an additional 8 frames/second speed was introduced, followed by the Model K in 1930, which was an enlarged BB for 100-ft reels. As furnished with a f/3.5 Anastigmat lens, in 1934 the Model K was listed at US$112.50 (equivalent to $2,640 in 2024). The Model K was joined briefly by a stripped-down Model M, but the latter camera did not sell well since it lacked some of the very features that made the Model K appealing.
In 1937, the Model E was introduced with a shape similar to the later Pathé Webo camera and provided slow motion speeds and an internal viewfinder instead of the open frame types used hitherto.
The final 16 mm spool loading camera, the Ciné-Kodak Model K-100, arrived in 1955 in both three-lens turret and non-turret versions, using the Bell & Howell-developed C mount for interchangeable lenses. In 1961, Kodak dropped the Ciné-Kodak branding, releasing the Kodak Reflex Special to compete with the Arriflex 16ST, featuring continuous reflex viewing; this last 16 mm camera manufactured by Kodak did not sell well and was discontinued in 1968.
The 16 mm Ciné-Kodaks were well-made, long-lived cameras. Most have double claws and double sprockets and hence require double perf (2R) film in unmodified form. The exceptions are both the Specials and K100 models that were designed for single perf (1R) film, which allowed for the addition of sound tracks.
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Ciné-Kodak
The Ciné-Kodak was the first movie camera for 16 mm, manufactured by the Eastman Kodak Company and introduced in 1923. It was intended for home movie making. Kodak released additional models, including magazine-loading cameras as the Magazine Ciné-Kodak line and a line of 8 mm cameras under the Ciné-Kodak Eight sub-brand. The final 16 mm camera was the Kodak Reflex Special, released in 1961, dropping the Ciné-Kodak brand altogether; Kodak ceased production of 16 mm cameras in 1968, but continued to produce 8 mm and Super 8 film cameras under the Ektasound and Instamatic brands.
Kodak introduced 16 mm film in June 1923 alongside the first Ciné-Kodak, a movie camera that was both more portable and affordable than those using 35 mm film; the new camera and film type were more suited for amateur use and generally are credited as the enabling technology for the creation of the first home movies.
The initial prototype was a leather covered rectangular wooden box, which evolved into a cast aluminum box when the camera was released, approximately 8×8.5×4.5 in (200×220×110 mm) (H×L×W). The first Ciné-Kodak was cranked by hand at two turns per second to achieve the necessary 16 frames per second. Hand cranking meant that a tripod was essential to achieve a steady image. The camera was equipped with a fixed 1-inch (25mm) lens. Early in 1924 a battery-powered electric motor attachment was introduced, but this accessory was discontinued in 1926, at which time an improved version of the camera with an interchangeable Kodak Anastigmat f/1.9 lens was introduced. The lens focal range was 2 to 50 feet and INF (infinity). The only additional lens offered was a 78mm f/4.5 telephoto. With the discontinuation of the motor, additional crank accessories were introduced: one for single frames, and one with a 4:1 gear ratio for slow motion work.
In 1925, Kodak followed with a spring motor-driven Ciné-Kodak Model B, at which time the original Ciné-Kodak was re-designated as Model A, though that designation was not added to the camera nameplate until November 1929. A full winding of the spring would run the Model B motor for about fifteen to twenty feet of film. The Model B was available with fixed-focus f/6.5 and f/3.5 lenses, along with a version with a focusing f/1.9 lens; these cameras were intended for the amateur, while the Model A was retained as suitable for the advanced amateur. Special Editions of the Model B were released with ostrich leather covering the camera body and carrying case. In 1927, the Kodak list prices for Ciné-Kodak ranged from US$225 (equivalent to $4,070 in 2024) for the Model A with f/1.9 lens and tripod to US$75 (equivalent to $1,360 in 2024) for the Model B with f/6.5 lens. Production of Model A ceased in 1930; the Model B in 1931.
In 1929, a Model BB for 50-foot reels and an additional 8 frames/second speed was introduced, followed by the Model K in 1930, which was an enlarged BB for 100-ft reels. As furnished with a f/3.5 Anastigmat lens, in 1934 the Model K was listed at US$112.50 (equivalent to $2,640 in 2024). The Model K was joined briefly by a stripped-down Model M, but the latter camera did not sell well since it lacked some of the very features that made the Model K appealing.
In 1937, the Model E was introduced with a shape similar to the later Pathé Webo camera and provided slow motion speeds and an internal viewfinder instead of the open frame types used hitherto.
The final 16 mm spool loading camera, the Ciné-Kodak Model K-100, arrived in 1955 in both three-lens turret and non-turret versions, using the Bell & Howell-developed C mount for interchangeable lenses. In 1961, Kodak dropped the Ciné-Kodak branding, releasing the Kodak Reflex Special to compete with the Arriflex 16ST, featuring continuous reflex viewing; this last 16 mm camera manufactured by Kodak did not sell well and was discontinued in 1968.
The 16 mm Ciné-Kodaks were well-made, long-lived cameras. Most have double claws and double sprockets and hence require double perf (2R) film in unmodified form. The exceptions are both the Specials and K100 models that were designed for single perf (1R) film, which allowed for the addition of sound tracks.
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