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Città di Castello
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Città di Castello
Città di Castello (Italian pronunciation: [tʃitˈta ddi kasˈtɛllo]) is a city and comune (municipality) in the province of Perugia, in the northern part of Umbria.
It is situated on a slope of the Apennines, on the flood plain along the upper part of the river Tiber. The city is 56 km (35 mi) north of Perugia and 104 km (65 mi) south of Cesena, Emilia-Romagna, on the highway SS 3 bis.
It is connected by the SS 73 with Arezzo, Tuscany, and the A1 highway, situated 38 km (23 mi) west. The comune of Città di Castello has an exclave named Monte Ruperto within Marche.
Città di Castello is identified in antiquity as Tiphernum Tiberinum, a name attributed to its position on the left bank of the Tiber. According to Adone Palmieri, its foundation is connected to a Gaius Tiphernius Sabinus, and the name Tiphernum is linked to this origin, although an alternative derivation connects it to the term tifae, referring to marsh plants or wooded growth, from which both the ancient name of the Tiber and related toponyms may have originated.
After the Lombards damaged the city in 601 AD, they later enclosed it with strong walls and fortified it with a castle, calling it Castrum Felicitatis for the fertility of its land. Around the year 1000 the settlement took the name Città Castellana or Città dei Castelli, in reference to the numerous smaller settlements surrounding it.
In the 9th–8th century BC the area of Città di Castello was largely outside Etruscan influence. From the 7th century BC it was linked to the Adriatic regions through Apennine passes, while other trade routes connected it with coastal Etruria and extended as far as central Europe.
Città di Castello corresponds to the ancient Umbrian city of Tifernum Tiberinum, distinguished in antiquity from Tifernum Metaurense. In the 3rd century BC the settlement entered into federation with Rome. In the Augustan period it was included in Regio VI Umbria, and by the late 1st century it is presented as a thriving Roman municipium.
In the Roman era its territory lay on the left bank of the Tiber, possibly reaching as far as the river's sources, and it also extended over areas connected with the Savio and Marecchia. Economic life in this period was based on agriculture, grape-growing, livestock, timber-gathering, trade, hunting, and fishing.
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Città di Castello
Città di Castello (Italian pronunciation: [tʃitˈta ddi kasˈtɛllo]) is a city and comune (municipality) in the province of Perugia, in the northern part of Umbria.
It is situated on a slope of the Apennines, on the flood plain along the upper part of the river Tiber. The city is 56 km (35 mi) north of Perugia and 104 km (65 mi) south of Cesena, Emilia-Romagna, on the highway SS 3 bis.
It is connected by the SS 73 with Arezzo, Tuscany, and the A1 highway, situated 38 km (23 mi) west. The comune of Città di Castello has an exclave named Monte Ruperto within Marche.
Città di Castello is identified in antiquity as Tiphernum Tiberinum, a name attributed to its position on the left bank of the Tiber. According to Adone Palmieri, its foundation is connected to a Gaius Tiphernius Sabinus, and the name Tiphernum is linked to this origin, although an alternative derivation connects it to the term tifae, referring to marsh plants or wooded growth, from which both the ancient name of the Tiber and related toponyms may have originated.
After the Lombards damaged the city in 601 AD, they later enclosed it with strong walls and fortified it with a castle, calling it Castrum Felicitatis for the fertility of its land. Around the year 1000 the settlement took the name Città Castellana or Città dei Castelli, in reference to the numerous smaller settlements surrounding it.
In the 9th–8th century BC the area of Città di Castello was largely outside Etruscan influence. From the 7th century BC it was linked to the Adriatic regions through Apennine passes, while other trade routes connected it with coastal Etruria and extended as far as central Europe.
Città di Castello corresponds to the ancient Umbrian city of Tifernum Tiberinum, distinguished in antiquity from Tifernum Metaurense. In the 3rd century BC the settlement entered into federation with Rome. In the Augustan period it was included in Regio VI Umbria, and by the late 1st century it is presented as a thriving Roman municipium.
In the Roman era its territory lay on the left bank of the Tiber, possibly reaching as far as the river's sources, and it also extended over areas connected with the Savio and Marecchia. Economic life in this period was based on agriculture, grape-growing, livestock, timber-gathering, trade, hunting, and fishing.
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