Claude Joseph Antoine Provost (September 17, 1933 – April 17, 1984) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player.

A right winger, Provost played all 15 seasons of his National Hockey League (NHL) career with the Montreal Canadiens. He won the Stanley Cup nine times and was the first recipient of the Bill Masterton Trophy, awarded for perseverance, in 1967-68.

Provost won nine Stanley Cups with the Canadiens and appeared in eleven NHL All-Star Games, the most by a player not in the Hockey Hall of Fame. Provost also holds the NHL record for the earliest goal in a period with four seconds. In the sixth game of the 1965 Stanley Cup semifinals, Provost scored the game-winning goal against Toronto in overtime.

Provost had three children. His son, Claude Provost Jr., is the owner and founder of a spa near the municipality of Bolton-Est, Quebec.

Provost died of a heart attack during a vacation to Hallandale, Florida, on April 17, 1984. He was 50 years old.