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Commonwealth of Catalonia
The Commonwealth of Catalonia (Catalan: Mancomunitat de Catalunya, IPA: [məŋkumuniˈtad də kətəˈluɲə]) was a federation of the four provinces into which Catalonia had been divided in 1833 and was the first, modest, step towards self-governance. The Commonwealth was the forerunner of the Generalitat de Catalunya established in 1931 and re-established in 1977 and which is the current autonomous government of Catalonia.
The Commonwealth was created in 1914 (symbolically the 200th anniversary of the year of the loss of governing institutions independent of the Spanish central administration) and was disbanded and outlawed in 1925 during Miguel Primo de Rivera's dictatorship.
Although it had only administrative functions and its powers did not go beyond those of the provincial councils, it had great symbolic and practical importance: it represented the first recognition by the Spanish State of the identity and territorial unity of Catalonia since 1714 and was responsible for the creation of many public institutions in health, culture and technical education and science and notably for the support of the Catalan language.
Even so, frustrated with the limited autonomy achieved by the Commonwealth, Catalanism turned to the left, and led inter alia to the founding in 1922 of the first relevant organised Catalan independence party Estat Català by Francesc Macià.
The development of a sense of Catalonia as a separate identity or personality began in the 1840s and 1850s consistent with the romantic movement in Europe. It gained a political dimension, called political Catalanism in the 1890s with the publication of The Bases de Manresa in 1892 by Catalanist Union which sought to move beyond the urban intellectualism of the Renaixença and explicitly called for autonomy for Catalonia and separate government institutions. In 1893 the Union made a decision to enter politics to achieve their aims.
The leader, Enric Prat de la Riba, was elected to Spanish parliament in 1901 and formed the Regionalist League of Catalonia with fellow Catalanist parliamentary members who took seats from the traditional national parties. Prat de la Riba was a social conservative who was convinced that Catalan claims for autonomy must be made with the consent of monarchical Spain.
In 1903, the prime minister, Antonio Maura was promoting a local government reform based on the idea that some form of administrative decentralisation might purify and revive political life. He saw an opportunity to fulfil the Lligas demands through his reforms but without success.
In 1907, Catalanist candidates gained 41 of 44 Catalan seats in parliament and continued to press their demands.
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Commonwealth of Catalonia
The Commonwealth of Catalonia (Catalan: Mancomunitat de Catalunya, IPA: [məŋkumuniˈtad də kətəˈluɲə]) was a federation of the four provinces into which Catalonia had been divided in 1833 and was the first, modest, step towards self-governance. The Commonwealth was the forerunner of the Generalitat de Catalunya established in 1931 and re-established in 1977 and which is the current autonomous government of Catalonia.
The Commonwealth was created in 1914 (symbolically the 200th anniversary of the year of the loss of governing institutions independent of the Spanish central administration) and was disbanded and outlawed in 1925 during Miguel Primo de Rivera's dictatorship.
Although it had only administrative functions and its powers did not go beyond those of the provincial councils, it had great symbolic and practical importance: it represented the first recognition by the Spanish State of the identity and territorial unity of Catalonia since 1714 and was responsible for the creation of many public institutions in health, culture and technical education and science and notably for the support of the Catalan language.
Even so, frustrated with the limited autonomy achieved by the Commonwealth, Catalanism turned to the left, and led inter alia to the founding in 1922 of the first relevant organised Catalan independence party Estat Català by Francesc Macià.
The development of a sense of Catalonia as a separate identity or personality began in the 1840s and 1850s consistent with the romantic movement in Europe. It gained a political dimension, called political Catalanism in the 1890s with the publication of The Bases de Manresa in 1892 by Catalanist Union which sought to move beyond the urban intellectualism of the Renaixença and explicitly called for autonomy for Catalonia and separate government institutions. In 1893 the Union made a decision to enter politics to achieve their aims.
The leader, Enric Prat de la Riba, was elected to Spanish parliament in 1901 and formed the Regionalist League of Catalonia with fellow Catalanist parliamentary members who took seats from the traditional national parties. Prat de la Riba was a social conservative who was convinced that Catalan claims for autonomy must be made with the consent of monarchical Spain.
In 1903, the prime minister, Antonio Maura was promoting a local government reform based on the idea that some form of administrative decentralisation might purify and revive political life. He saw an opportunity to fulfil the Lligas demands through his reforms but without success.
In 1907, Catalanist candidates gained 41 of 44 Catalan seats in parliament and continued to press their demands.