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Convention of Aguascalientes
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Convention of Aguascalientes
The Convention of Aguascalientes was a major meeting that took place during the Mexican Revolution between the revolutionary factions that had defeated Victoriano Huerta's Federal Army and forced his resignation and exile in July 1914.
The call for the convention was issued on 1 October 1914 by Venustiano Carranza, head of the Constitutional Army, who described it as the Gran Convención de Jefes militares con mando de fuerzas y gobernadores de los Estados ("Great Convention of Commanding Military Chiefs and State Governors") and seen as "the last attempt to create unity among the revolutionaries".
Its first sessions were held in the Chamber of Deputies (Palacio Legislativo de Donceles) in Mexico City, but were later transferred to the city of Aguascalientes (hence its name), where it met from 10 October to 9 November 1914.
General Victoriano Huerta, who had usurped the presidency in a coup d'état in February 1913, resigned the office in July 1914 on account of revolutionary pressures, and fled the country. He was replaced by Venustiano Carranza, who wished to discuss his government's policies with the other revolutionary leaders, and thus called for the convention to take place. However, faced with the absence of the Zapatistas (who did not recognise Carranza's authority) and the refusal of Pancho Villa to attend a meeting in Mexico City, it was agreed to relocate the convention to Aguascalientes.
The convention was intended to settle the differences between the "big four" warlords who played the biggest roles in overthrowing Huerta: Pancho Villa, Emiliano Zapata, Venustiano Carranza and Álvaro Obregón.
The various factions had to settle, in advance of the convention, the question of whether participants would only be revolutionary military men, or could include civilians as well. Carranza had a large and strong civilian backing, and argued for their inclusion, but lost.
Tensions were already high between Carranza and Villa, his former ally. Although initially Zapata had not openly sided with Villa, he was hostile to Carranza, with Carranza returning the feeling. According to Charles C. Cumberland, "The southerners had never liked Carranza and his pretensions, and Carranza despised the Zapatistas as ignorant, narrow-minded troublemakers."
From the onset, however, the convention was dominated by the Villistas, who imposed their points of view on the other delegates. Zapata's supporters did not arrive until 26 October (a delegation of 26, led by Paulino Martínez and Antonio Díaz Soto y Gama).
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Convention of Aguascalientes
The Convention of Aguascalientes was a major meeting that took place during the Mexican Revolution between the revolutionary factions that had defeated Victoriano Huerta's Federal Army and forced his resignation and exile in July 1914.
The call for the convention was issued on 1 October 1914 by Venustiano Carranza, head of the Constitutional Army, who described it as the Gran Convención de Jefes militares con mando de fuerzas y gobernadores de los Estados ("Great Convention of Commanding Military Chiefs and State Governors") and seen as "the last attempt to create unity among the revolutionaries".
Its first sessions were held in the Chamber of Deputies (Palacio Legislativo de Donceles) in Mexico City, but were later transferred to the city of Aguascalientes (hence its name), where it met from 10 October to 9 November 1914.
General Victoriano Huerta, who had usurped the presidency in a coup d'état in February 1913, resigned the office in July 1914 on account of revolutionary pressures, and fled the country. He was replaced by Venustiano Carranza, who wished to discuss his government's policies with the other revolutionary leaders, and thus called for the convention to take place. However, faced with the absence of the Zapatistas (who did not recognise Carranza's authority) and the refusal of Pancho Villa to attend a meeting in Mexico City, it was agreed to relocate the convention to Aguascalientes.
The convention was intended to settle the differences between the "big four" warlords who played the biggest roles in overthrowing Huerta: Pancho Villa, Emiliano Zapata, Venustiano Carranza and Álvaro Obregón.
The various factions had to settle, in advance of the convention, the question of whether participants would only be revolutionary military men, or could include civilians as well. Carranza had a large and strong civilian backing, and argued for their inclusion, but lost.
Tensions were already high between Carranza and Villa, his former ally. Although initially Zapata had not openly sided with Villa, he was hostile to Carranza, with Carranza returning the feeling. According to Charles C. Cumberland, "The southerners had never liked Carranza and his pretensions, and Carranza despised the Zapatistas as ignorant, narrow-minded troublemakers."
From the onset, however, the convention was dominated by the Villistas, who imposed their points of view on the other delegates. Zapata's supporters did not arrive until 26 October (a delegation of 26, led by Paulino Martínez and Antonio Díaz Soto y Gama).
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