Coventry is a town in Chenango County, New York, United States. The population was 1,655 at the 2010 census. The town is named after Coventry, Connecticut, by settlers from New England. Coventry is in the southern part of Chenango County and is northeast of Binghamton.

The first settlement took place circa 1785 near the current Coventry village. Coventry was formed from the town of Greene in 1806. In 1843, the area of the town was increased from parts of Greene and the town of Oxford.

Due to poor soil conditions, dairy herding was prominent from the pioneer days, leading to five butter and cheese factories in the town at one time in the past.

District School 4 was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 48.9 square miles (126.6 km²), of which 48.7 square miles (126.1 km²) is land and 0.15 square miles (0.4 km²), or 0.34%, is water.

Part of the southern town line is the border of Broome County.

Conjoined New York State Route 41 and New York State Route 206 intersect New York State Route 235, a north–south highway, at Coventry village.

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,589 people, 577 households, and 428 families residing in the town. The population density was 32.6 inhabitants per square mile (12.6/km²). There were 757 housing units at an average density of 15.5 per square mile (6.0/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 99.06% White, 0.25% African American, 0.19% Native American, 0.06% Asian, and 0.44% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.94% of the population.