Danapur railway division is one of the five railway divisions under the jurisdiction of East Central Railway zone of the Indian Railways. It is located in Danapur of the Indian state of Bihar. The other railway divisions are Sonpur, Samastipur, Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya and Dhanbad. The division's revenue for the 2014–15 fiscal year was ₹900 crore (US$110 million).

It was formed as one of the six divisions of the East Indian Railway Company on 1 January 1925 along with Howrah, Asansol, Danapur, Prayagraj, Lucknow, and Moradabad. The Eastern Railway was established on 14 April 1952 and Danapur division came under the control of Eastern Railway. After the formation of East Central Railway zone, the division was integrated into it on 1 October 2002.

It has about 752 kilometres (467 mi) of route length in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh. The division includes twelve districts of the state of Bihar which are Buxar, Bhojpur, Patna, Luckeesarai, Jamui, Nawadah, Sheikhpura, Jehanabad, Nalanda and two districts of Uttar Pradesh which are Ghazipur and Chandauli. Presently the Danapur division's jurisdiction includes following sections:

As of 2014, Division has 232 stations out of which only Patna Junction railway station is categorized as A1 station & nine are categorized as A stations based earnings.