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Death spiral (figure skating)
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Death spiral (figure skating)
The death spiral is a circular move in figure skating involving two partners in the discipline of pair skating, in which the male partner lowers the female partner while she arches backward towards the ice while gliding on one foot and as she holds his hand "while he rotates her in a circle with her head almost touching the ice surface". It was created by German professional skater Charlotte Oelschlägel and her husband Curt Neumann in the 1920s. Suzanne Morrow and Wallace Diestelmeyer from Canada were the first pair team to perform the death spiral one-handed (the man holding the woman in position with one hand), at the 1948 Olympic Games.
There are four types of death spirals: the backward outside, the forward inside, the backward inside, and the forward outside. The forward inside death spiral is the easiest death spiral, and the forward outside death spiral is the most difficult. The International Skating Union (ISU), the governing body that oversees figure skating, describes the requirements pair skating teams must follow when executing death spirals, and allows for variations of arm holds and pivot positions.
Senior pair skating teams must perform different types of death spirals in their short programs and free skating programs. The opposite handhold of the man is not allowed in the short program, but is allowed in the free skate. The opposite handhold of the woman is allowed during both the short program and free skate, but does not increase the difficulty of the death spiral. Change in both the man's and woman's arm holds is allowed at any time during both the short program and free skate.
There are four types of death spirals: the forward inside death spiral, the backward outside death spiral, the backward inside death spiral, and the forward outside death spiral. The forward inside death spiral is accomplished when the man skates on a backward outside edge and the woman skates on a forward inside edge. He performs a pivot while holding her hand with the same fully extended arm as his skating foot, while she leans sideways and circles around him, with her arms also fully extended. According to Skate Canada, the forward inside death spiral is the easiest death spiral.
The backward outside death spiral is executed when both partners skate on a backward outside edge. The man must hold the woman's hand with the same arm as his fully extended skating foot while performing a pivot, and she leans backward as she circles around him while her arm is fully extended. According to Skate Canada, the forward outside death spiral is the most difficult death spiral. For both forward inside and backward outside death spirals, the man can skate in any position, edge, or direction, but he must remain in the prescribed pivot position, and his partner must circle around him on the prescribed edge.
The backward inside death spiral is executed when the woman leans towards the ice while her arm is fully extended and she circles around the man on a "firm backward inside edge". The forward outside death spiral is performed like the backward inside death spiral; the only difference is that the woman circles around her partner on a "firm forward outside edge".
While the woman performs "the actual death spiral" in the team's final position, both she and her partner must complete at least one revolution, with the man's knees "clearly bent and in full pivot position". Judges begin to count revolutions when both partners "are in the actual low death spiral position". Revolutions begin when the toe the man uses to anchor onto the ice is stationary, which is necessary due to centripetal acceleration experienced during the revolutions, and end when the woman either rises to exit the death spiral or when the man's pivot ends.
Pair skating teams must execute the prescribed types of death spirals only. Death spirals are worth more points when the man stays in a low pivot position and when the lower part of his buttocks is not higher than the upper part of the knee of his pivot foot. At the same time, the woman must skate on a clean edge, with her head and body as close to the ice surface as possible, without her head touching the ice, or without using her free hand or any part of her body to assist herself. Her body weight is supported by her partner's hold and by the force of the spiraling edge. One of the woman's skates must remain on the ice throughout the death spiral.
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Death spiral (figure skating)
The death spiral is a circular move in figure skating involving two partners in the discipline of pair skating, in which the male partner lowers the female partner while she arches backward towards the ice while gliding on one foot and as she holds his hand "while he rotates her in a circle with her head almost touching the ice surface". It was created by German professional skater Charlotte Oelschlägel and her husband Curt Neumann in the 1920s. Suzanne Morrow and Wallace Diestelmeyer from Canada were the first pair team to perform the death spiral one-handed (the man holding the woman in position with one hand), at the 1948 Olympic Games.
There are four types of death spirals: the backward outside, the forward inside, the backward inside, and the forward outside. The forward inside death spiral is the easiest death spiral, and the forward outside death spiral is the most difficult. The International Skating Union (ISU), the governing body that oversees figure skating, describes the requirements pair skating teams must follow when executing death spirals, and allows for variations of arm holds and pivot positions.
Senior pair skating teams must perform different types of death spirals in their short programs and free skating programs. The opposite handhold of the man is not allowed in the short program, but is allowed in the free skate. The opposite handhold of the woman is allowed during both the short program and free skate, but does not increase the difficulty of the death spiral. Change in both the man's and woman's arm holds is allowed at any time during both the short program and free skate.
There are four types of death spirals: the forward inside death spiral, the backward outside death spiral, the backward inside death spiral, and the forward outside death spiral. The forward inside death spiral is accomplished when the man skates on a backward outside edge and the woman skates on a forward inside edge. He performs a pivot while holding her hand with the same fully extended arm as his skating foot, while she leans sideways and circles around him, with her arms also fully extended. According to Skate Canada, the forward inside death spiral is the easiest death spiral.
The backward outside death spiral is executed when both partners skate on a backward outside edge. The man must hold the woman's hand with the same arm as his fully extended skating foot while performing a pivot, and she leans backward as she circles around him while her arm is fully extended. According to Skate Canada, the forward outside death spiral is the most difficult death spiral. For both forward inside and backward outside death spirals, the man can skate in any position, edge, or direction, but he must remain in the prescribed pivot position, and his partner must circle around him on the prescribed edge.
The backward inside death spiral is executed when the woman leans towards the ice while her arm is fully extended and she circles around the man on a "firm backward inside edge". The forward outside death spiral is performed like the backward inside death spiral; the only difference is that the woman circles around her partner on a "firm forward outside edge".
While the woman performs "the actual death spiral" in the team's final position, both she and her partner must complete at least one revolution, with the man's knees "clearly bent and in full pivot position". Judges begin to count revolutions when both partners "are in the actual low death spiral position". Revolutions begin when the toe the man uses to anchor onto the ice is stationary, which is necessary due to centripetal acceleration experienced during the revolutions, and end when the woman either rises to exit the death spiral or when the man's pivot ends.
Pair skating teams must execute the prescribed types of death spirals only. Death spirals are worth more points when the man stays in a low pivot position and when the lower part of his buttocks is not higher than the upper part of the knee of his pivot foot. At the same time, the woman must skate on a clean edge, with her head and body as close to the ice surface as possible, without her head touching the ice, or without using her free hand or any part of her body to assist herself. Her body weight is supported by her partner's hold and by the force of the spiraling edge. One of the woman's skates must remain on the ice throughout the death spiral.
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