Sir Demis Hassabis CBE FRS FREng FRSA
Hassabis in 2024
Born	(1976-07-27) 27 July 1976 (age 48)^[4] London, England^[4]
Alma mater	University of Cambridge (MA)^[5] University College London (PhD)
Known for	DeepMind AlphaGo AlphaFold
Awards	The Asian Awards (2017) Dan David Prize (2020) BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award (2022) Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research (2023) Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences (2023) Canada Gairdner International Award (2023) Nobel Prize in Chemistry (2024)
Scientific career
Fields	Neuroscience Computer science Artificial intelligence^[1]
Institutions	Bullfrog Productions (1993–1994) Lionhead Studios (1997–1998) Elixir Studios (1998–2005) University College London (2009–2012)^[2] DeepMind (2010–present) Isomorphic Labs (2021–present)
Thesis	Neural processes underpinning episodic memory (2009)
Doctoral advisor	Eleanor Maguire^[3]

Chess career
Country	England
Title	Candidate Master
Years active	1988–2019^[6]
FIDE rating	2220 (March 2019)
Peak rating	2300 (January 1990)^[7]

Sir Demis Hassabis (born 27 July 1976) is a British artificial intelligence (AI) researcher, and entrepreneur. He is the chief executive officer and co-founder of Google DeepMind,^[8] and Isomorphic Labs,^[9]^[10]^[11] and a UK Government AI Adviser.^[12] In 2024, Hassabis and John M. Jumper were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their AI research contributions for protein structure prediction.^[13]^[14]

Hassabis is a Fellow of the Royal Society, and has won many prestigious awards for his research work including the Breakthrough Prize, the Canada Gairdner International Award, and the Lasker Award. In 2017 he was appointed a CBE and listed in the Time 100 most influential people list. In 2024 he was knighted for services to AI,^[15] and was listed in the Time 100 again in 2025, this time featured in one of the five covers of the printed version.^[16]

Early life and education

[edit]

Hassabis was born to Costas and Angela Hassabis.^[17] His father is Greek Cypriot ^[18] and his mother is from Singapore.^[19] Demis grew up in North London.^[20]^[21] In his early career, he was a video game AI programmer and designer, and an expert board games player.^[20]^[22]^[23] A child prodigy in chess from the age of four,^[24]^[25] Hassabis reached master standard at the age of 13 with an Elo rating of 2300 and captained many of the England junior chess teams.^[26] He represented the University of Cambridge in the Oxford–Cambridge varsity chess matches of 1995,^[27] 1996^[28] and 1997,^[29] winning a half blue.

Between 1988 and 1990, Hassabis was educated at Queen Elizabeth's School, Barnet, a boys' grammar school in North London. He was subsequently home-schooled by his parents, during which time he bought his first computer, a ZX Spectrum 48K funded from chess winnings, and taught himself how to program from books.^[25] He wrote its first AI program on a Commodore Amiga based on the reversi board game. ^[30] He then studied at the comprehensive school Christ's College, Finchley.^[20] He completed his A-level exams two years early at 16.^[31]^[32]

Bullfrog Productions

[edit]

Asked by Cambridge University to take a gap year due to his young age,^[25] Hassabis began his computer games career at Bullfrog Productions after entering an Amiga Power "Win-a-job-at-Bullfrog" competition.^[33] He began first by level designing on Syndicate, and then at 17 co-designing and lead programming on the 1994 game Theme Park, with the game's designer Peter Molyneux.^[34] Theme Park, a simulation video game, sold several million copies^[26] and inspired a whole genre of simulation sandbox games. He earned enough from his gap year to pay his own way through university.^[25]

University of Cambridge

[edit]

Hassabis left Bullfrog to study at Queens' College, Cambridge, where he completed the Computer Science Tripos and graduated in 1997 with a double first.^[26]

Career and research

[edit]

Lionhead

[edit]

After graduating from Cambridge, Hassabis worked at Lionhead Studios.^[35] Games designer Peter Molyneux, with whom Hassabis had worked at Bullfrog Productions, had recently founded the company. At Lionhead, Hassabis worked as lead AI programmer on the 2001 god game Black & White.^[26]

Elixir Studios

[edit]

Hassabis left Lionhead in 1998 to found Elixir Studios, a London-based independent games developer, signing publishing deals with Eidos Interactive, Vivendi Universal and Microsoft.^[36] In addition to managing the company, Hassabis served as executive designer of the games Republic: The Revolution and Evil Genius.^[26] Each received BAFTA Nominations for their interactive music scores, created by James Hannigan.

The release of Elixir's first game, Republic: The Revolution, a highly ambitious and unusual political simulation game,^[37] was delayed due to its huge scope, which involved an AI simulation of the workings of an entire fictional country. The final game was reduced from its original vision and greeted with lukewarm reviews, receiving a Metacritic score of 62/100.^[38] Evil Genius, a tongue-in-cheek Bond villain simulator, fared much better with a score of 75/100.^[39] In April 2005 the intellectual property and technology rights were sold to various publishers and the studio was closed.^[40]^[41]

Neuroscience research at University College London

[edit]

Following Elixir Studios, Hassabis returned to academia to obtain his PhD in cognitive neuroscience from UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology^[42] in 2009 supervised by Eleanor Maguire.^[3] He sought to find inspiration in the human brain for new AI algorithms.^[43]

He continued his neuroscience and artificial intelligence research as a visiting scientist jointly at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), in the lab of Tomaso Poggio, and Harvard University,^[20] before earning a Henry Wellcome postdoctoral research fellowship to the Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit at UCL in 2009 working with Peter Dayan.^[44]

Working in the field of imagination, memory, and amnesia, he co-authored several influential papers published in Nature, Science, Neuron, and PNAS.^[1] His very first academic work, published in PNAS,^[45] was a landmark paper that showed systematically for the first time that patients with damage to their hippocampus, known to cause amnesia, were also unable to imagine themselves in new experiences. The finding established a link between the constructive process of imagination and the reconstructive process of episodic memory recall. Based on this work and a follow-up functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study,^[46] Hassabis developed a new theoretical account of the episodic memory system identifying scene construction, the generation and online maintenance of a complex and coherent scene, as a key process underlying both memory recall and imagination.^[47] This work received widespread coverage in the mainstream media^[48] and was listed in the top 10 scientific breakthroughs of the year by the journal Science.^[49] He later generalised these ideas to advance the notion of a 'simulation engine of the mind' whose role it was to imagine events and scenarios to aid with better planning.^[50]^[51]

DeepMind

[edit]

Hassabis is the CEO and co-founder of DeepMind, a machine learning AI startup, founded in London in 2010 with Shane Legg and Mustafa Suleyman. Hassabis met Legg when both were postdocs at the Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit, and he and Suleyman had been friends through family.^[52] Hassabis also recruited his university friend and Elixir partner David Silver.^[53]

DeepMind's mission is to "solve intelligence" and then use intelligence "to solve everything else".^[54] More concretely, DeepMind aims to combine insights from systems neuroscience with new developments in machine learning and computing hardware to unlock increasingly powerful general-purpose learning algorithms that will work towards the creation of an artificial general intelligence (AGI). The company has focused on training learning algorithms to master games, and in December 2013 it announced that it had made a pioneering breakthrough by training an algorithm called a Deep Q-Network (DQN) to play Atari games at a superhuman level by using only the raw pixels on the screen as inputs.^[55]

DeepMind's early investors included several high-profile tech entrepreneurs.^[56]^[57] In 2014, Google purchased DeepMind for £400 million. Although most of the company has remained an independent entity based in London,^[58] DeepMind Health has since been directly incorporated into Google Health.^[59]

Since the Google acquisition, the company has notched up a number of significant achievements, perhaps the most notable being the creation of AlphaGo, a program that defeated world champion Lee Sedol at the complex game of Go. Go had been considered a holy grail of AI, for its high number of possible board positions and resistance to existing programming techniques.^[60]^[61] However, AlphaGo beat European champion Fan Hui 5–0 in October 2015 before winning 4–1 against former world champion Lee Sedol in March 2016.^[62]^[63] Additional DeepMind accomplishments include creating a neural Turing machine,^[64] reducing the energy used by the cooling systems in Google's data centers by 40%,^[65] advancing research on AI safety,^[66]^[67] and the creation of a partnership with the National Health Service (NHS) of the United Kingdom and Moorfields Eye Hospital to improve medical service and identify the onset of degenerative eye conditions.^[68]

DeepMind has also been responsible for technical advances in machine learning, having produced a number of award-winning papers. In particular, the company has made significant advances in deep learning and reinforcement learning, and pioneered the field of deep reinforcement learning which combines these two methods.^[69] Hassabis has predicted that artificial intelligence will be "one of the most beneficial technologies of mankind ever" but that significant ethical issues remain.^[70]

Hassabis has also warned of the potential dangers and risks of AI if misused, and has been a strong advocate of further AI safety research being needed.^[71] In 2023, he signed the statement that "Mitigating the risk of extinction from AI should be a global priority alongside other societal-scale risks such as pandemics and nuclear war".^[72] He considers however that a pause on AI progress would be very hard to enforce worldwide, and that the potential benefits (e.g. for health and against climate change) make it worth continuing. He said that there is an urgent need for research on evaluation tests that measure how capable and controllable new AI models are.^[73]

AlphaFold

[edit]

In 2016, DeepMind turned its artificial intelligence to protein folding, a 50-year grand challenge in science, to predict the 3D structure of a protein from its 1D amino acid sequence. This is an important problem in biology, as proteins are essential to life, almost every biological function depends on them, and the function of a protein is thought to be related to its structure. Knowing the structure of a protein can be very helpful in drug discovery and disease understanding. In December 2018, DeepMind's tool AlphaFold won the 13th Critical Assessment of Techniques for Protein Structure Prediction (CASP) by successfully predicting the most accurate structure for 25 out of 43 proteins. "This is a lighthouse project, our first major investment in terms of people and resources into a fundamental, very important, real-world scientific problem", Hassabis said to The Guardian.^[74]

In November 2020, DeepMind again announced world-beating results in the CASP14 edition of the competition with AlphaFold 2, a new version of the system. It achieved a median global distance test (GDT) score of 87.0 across protein targets in the challenging free-modeling category, much higher than the same 2018 results with a median GDT < 60, and an overall error of less than the width of an atom (<1 Angstrom), making it competitive with experimental methods, and leading the organisers of CASP to declare the problem essentially solved.^[75]^[76] Over the next year DeepMind used AlphaFold2 to fold all 200 million proteins known to science, and made the system and these structures openly and freely available for anyone to use via the AlphaFold Protein Structure Database developed in collaboration with EMBL-EBI.^[77]

Personal life

[edit]

Hassabis is married to Dr. Teresa Niccoli,^[78]^[79] an Italian molecular biologist with whom he has two sons. He resides in North London with his family.^[80]^[81]^[82] He is also a lifelong fan of Liverpool FC.^[25] Hassabis is the main subject of the documentary called The Thinking Game, which premiered in 2024's Tribeca Festival, from the same filmmaker as the award-winning documentary AlphaGo (2016).^[83]

Awards and honours

[edit]

Entrepreneurial and scientific

[edit]

2025 – Time 100: The 100 Most Influential People^[84]
2025 – STAT Status List^[85]
2025 – Ukie Hall of Fame^[86]
2024 – Nobel Prize in Chemistry^[14]
2024 – Clarivate Citation Laureates^[87]
2024 – Keio Medical Science Prize^[88]
2024 – The AI Citizen of the Year^[89]
2024 – Included in the Time 100 AI list^[90]
2024 – Science Museum Group Fellowship Awards^[91]^[92]
2024 – Honorary degree, University of Oxford^[93]
2024 – Knight Bachelor for "services to artificial intelligence"^[94]
2023 – BCS Lovelace Medal^[95]
2023 – UCL Prize Lecture in Life and Medical Sciences^[96]
2023 – Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research^[97]
2023 – Honorary degree, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne^[98]
2023 – Member of the Academia Europaea^[99]
2023 – Canada Gairdner International Award^[100]
2023 – Ordinary Member of Pontifical Academy of Sciences^[101]
2023 – Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences for developing AlphaFold, which accurately predicts protein structures^[102]
2022 – VinFuture Prize for Innovators with Outstanding Achievements in Emerging Fields^[103]
2022 – Global Swiss AI Award^[104]
2022 – BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award in the category "Biology and Biomedicine"^[105]
2022 – Princess of Asturias Award (with Yoshua Bengio, Geoffrey Hinton, and Yann LeCun) for Technical and Scientific Research^[106]
2022 – Wiley Prize in Biomedical Sciences^[107]
2021 – IRI Medal, established by the Industrial Research Institute (IRI)^[108]
2021 – International Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences^[109]
2020 – Pius XI Medal from the Pontifical Academy of Sciences
2020 – The 50 most influential people in Britain from British GQ magazine^[110]
2020 – Dan David Prize – Future Award^[111]
2019 – Winner of UKtech50 (the 50 most influential people in UK technology) from Computer Weekly^[112]
2018 – Elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in May^[113]^[114]
2018 – Adviser to the UK's Government Office for Artificial Intelligence^[12]
2018 – Honorary doctorate, Imperial College London^[115]
2017 – Appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2018 New Year Honours for "services to Science and Technology".^[116]^[117]
2017 – Time 100: The 100 Most Influential People^[118]
2017 – The Asian Awards: Outstanding Achievement in Science and Technology^[119]
2017 – Elected a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering (FREng)^[120]
2017 – American Academy of Achievement: Golden Plate Award^[121]^[122]
2016 – Honorary Fellow, University College London^[123]
2016 – London Evening Standard list of influential Londoners, number 6^[124]
2016 – Royal Academy of Engineering Silver Medal^[125]
2016 – WIRED Leadership in Innovation^[126]
2016 – Nature's 10: the 10 most influential (good or bad) scientists of the year^[127]^[128]
2016 – Financial Times Digital Entrepreneur of the Year^[129]
2015 – Financial Times top 50 Entrepreneurs in Europe^[130]
2015 – Fellow Benefactor, Queens' College, Cambridge^[131]
2014 – Third most influential Londoner according to the London Evening Standard^[132]
2014 – Mullard Award of the Royal Society^[133]
2013 – Listed on WIRED's 'Smart 50'^[134]
2009 – Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts (FRSA)^[135]

Research

[edit]

Hassabis's research work has been listed in the Top 10 Scientific Breakthroughs of the Year by Science Magazine on four separate occasions:

2021 Breakthrough of the Year (Winner) – for AlphaFold v2^[136]
2020 Breakthrough of the Year (Top 10) – for AlphaFold v1^[137]
2016 Breakthrough of the Year (Top 10) – for AlphaGo^[138]
2007 Breakthrough of the Year (Top 10) – for neuroscience research on imagination^[139]

DeepMind

[edit]

Cambridge Computer Laboratory Company of the Year (2014)^[140]
Seven Nature front cover articles (2015,^[141] 2016,^[142] 2019,^[143] 2020,^[144] two in 2021,^[145]^[146] and 2024^[147]) and one Science front cover article (2017^[148])
Honorary 9-dan Go rank for AlphaGo from Korea Baduk Association (2016),^[149] Chinese Weiqi Association (2017),^[150] and Japan Go Association (2024)^[151]
Cannes Lion Grand Prix for AlphaGo (2016)^[152]
WIRED Innovation in AI Award (2016)^[126]
City A.M. Innovative Company of the Year (2016)^[153]

Games

[edit]

Hassabis is a five-times winner of the all-round world board games championship (the Pentamind), and an expert player of many games including:^[36]

Chess: achieved Master standard at age 13 with an Elo rating of 2300 (at the time the second-highest in the world for his age after Judit Polgár)^[154]
Diplomacy: World Team Champion in 2004, 4th in 2006 World Championship^[155]
Poker: cashed at the World Series of Poker six times including in the Main Event^[156]
Multi-games events at the London Mind Sports Olympiad: World Pentamind Champion (five times: 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2003)^[157] and World Decamentathlon Champion (twice: 2003, 2004)

References

[edit]

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External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Demis Hassabis.

Scholia has a profile for Demis Hassabis (Q3022141).

Demis Hassabis rating card at FIDE

v t e Fellows of the Royal Society elected in 2018
Fellows	Jim Al-Khalili Polly Arnold Jillian Banfield Margaret Brimble Neil Brockdorff Frank Caruso Vincenzo Cerundolo Kevin Costello Robert Crabtree Philip Dawid Peter Dayan Richard Dixon Gregory Edgecombe Wenfei Fan Roger Goody Robin Grimes Gregory Hannon Demis Hassabis Judy Hirst Graeme Jameson Harren Jhoti Sophien Kamoun Andrew King Dimitri Kullmann Dominic Kwiatkowski Richard Marais Cathie Martin Elon Musk Peter O'Hearn Vassilis Pachnis Tracy Palmer Colin Prentice Lalita Ramakrishnan Nancy Reid Graham Richards David Richardson Sheila Rowan Ingrid Scheffer Michelle Simmons John Smol Timothy Softley John Speakman Graeme Stephens Angela Strank Charles Swanton Peter Visscher Guy Wilkinson Geordie Williamson Daniel Wise Nikolay Zheludev
Honorary	David Willetts (Baron Willetts of Havant)
Foreign	Carolyn Bertozzi Martin Chalfie Sebsebe Demissew Jeffrey Friedman Fabiola Gianotti Albrecht Hofmann Butler Lampson Tullio Pozzan Joachim Sauer Adi Shamir

v t e Laureates of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry
1901–1925	1901: Jacobus van 't Hoff 1902: Emil Fischer 1903: Svante Arrhenius 1904: William Ramsay 1905: Adolf von Baeyer 1906: Henri Moissan 1907: Eduard Buchner 1908: Ernest Rutherford 1909: Wilhelm Ostwald 1910: Otto Wallach 1911: Marie Curie 1912: Victor Grignard / Paul Sabatier 1913: Alfred Werner 1914: Theodore Richards 1915: Richard Willstätter 1916 1917 1918: Fritz Haber 1919 1920: Walther Nernst 1921: Frederick Soddy 1922: Francis Aston 1923: Fritz Pregl 1924 1925: Richard Zsigmondy
1926–1950	1926: Theodor Svedberg 1927: Heinrich Wieland 1928: Adolf Windaus 1929: Arthur Harden / Hans von Euler-Chelpin 1930: Hans Fischer 1931: Carl Bosch / Friedrich Bergius 1932: Irving Langmuir 1933 1934: Harold Urey 1935: Frédéric Joliot-Curie / Irène Joliot-Curie 1936: Peter Debye 1937: Norman Haworth / Paul Karrer 1938: Richard Kuhn 1939: Adolf Butenandt / Leopold Ružička 1940 1941 1942 1943: George de Hevesy 1944: Otto Hahn 1945: Artturi Virtanen 1946: James B. Sumner / John Northrop / Wendell Meredith Stanley 1947: Robert Robinson 1948: Arne Tiselius 1949: William Giauque 1950: Otto Diels / Kurt Alder
1951–1975	1951: Edwin McMillan / Glenn T. Seaborg 1952: Archer Martin / Richard Synge 1953: Hermann Staudinger 1954: Linus Pauling 1955: Vincent du Vigneaud 1956: Cyril Hinshelwood / Nikolay Semyonov 1957: Alexander Todd 1958: Frederick Sanger 1959: Jaroslav Heyrovský 1960: Willard Libby 1961: Melvin Calvin 1962: Max Perutz / John Kendrew 1963: Karl Ziegler / Giulio Natta 1964: Dorothy Hodgkin 1965: Robert Woodward 1966: Robert S. Mulliken 1967: Manfred Eigen / Ronald Norrish / George Porter 1968: Lars Onsager 1969: Derek Barton / Odd Hassel 1970: Luis Federico Leloir 1971: Gerhard Herzberg 1972: Christian B. Anfinsen / Stanford Moore / William Stein 1973: Ernst Otto Fischer / Geoffrey Wilkinson 1974: Paul Flory 1975: John Cornforth / Vladimir Prelog
1976–2000	1976: William Lipscomb 1977: Ilya Prigogine 1978: Peter D. Mitchell 1979: Herbert C. Brown / Georg Wittig 1980: Paul Berg / Walter Gilbert / Frederick Sanger 1981: Kenichi Fukui / Roald Hoffmann 1982: Aaron Klug 1983: Henry Taube 1984: Robert Merrifield 1985: Herbert A. Hauptman / Jerome Karle 1986: Dudley R. Herschbach / Yuan T. Lee / John Polanyi 1987: Donald J. Cram / Jean-Marie Lehn / Charles J. Pedersen 1988: Johann Deisenhofer / Robert Huber / Hartmut Michel 1989: Sidney Altman / Thomas Cech 1990: Elias Corey 1991: Richard R. Ernst 1992: Rudolph A. Marcus 1993: Kary Mullis / Michael Smith 1994: George Olah 1995: Paul J. Crutzen / Mario Molina / F. Sherwood Rowland 1996: Robert Curl / Harold Kroto / Richard Smalley 1997: Paul D. Boyer / John E. Walker / Jens Christian Skou 1998: Walter Kohn / John Pople 1999: Ahmed Zewail 2000: Alan J. Heeger / Alan MacDiarmid / Hideki Shirakawa
2001–present	2001: William Knowles / Ryoji Noyori / K. Barry Sharpless 2002: John B. Fenn / Koichi Tanaka / Kurt Wüthrich 2003: Peter Agre / Roderick MacKinnon 2004: Aaron Ciechanover / Avram Hershko / Irwin Rose 2005: Robert H. Grubbs / Richard R. Schrock / Yves Chauvin 2006: Roger D. Kornberg 2007: Gerhard Ertl 2008: Osamu Shimomura / Martin Chalfie / Roger Y. Tsien 2009: Venkatraman Ramakrishnan / Thomas A. Steitz / Ada E. Yonath 2010: Richard F. Heck / Akira Suzuki / Ei-ichi Negishi 2011: Dan Shechtman 2012: Robert Lefkowitz / Brian Kobilka 2013: Martin Karplus / Michael Levitt / Arieh Warshel 2014: Eric Betzig / Stefan Hell / William E. Moerner 2015: Tomas Lindahl / Paul L. Modrich / Aziz Sancar 2016: Jean-Pierre Sauvage / Fraser Stoddart / Ben Feringa 2017: Jacques Dubochet / Joachim Frank / Richard Henderson 2018: Frances Arnold / Gregory Winter / George Smith 2019: John B. Goodenough / M. Stanley Whittingham / Akira Yoshino 2020: Emmanuelle Charpentier / Jennifer Doudna 2021: David MacMillan / Benjamin List 2022: Carolyn R. Bertozzi / Morten P. Meldal / Karl Barry Sharpless 2023: Moungi G. Bawendi / Louis E. Brus / Alexei I. Ekimov 2024: David Baker / Demis Hassabis / John M. Jumper

v t e 2024 Nobel Prize laureates
Chemistry	David Baker (United States) Demis Hassabis (United Kingdom) John M. Jumper (United States)
Literature (2024)	Han Kang (South Korea)
Peace (2024)	Nihon Hidankyo (Japan)
Physics	Geoffrey Hinton (Canada/United Kingdom) John Hopfield (United States)
Physiology or Medicine	Victor Ambros (United States) Gary Ruvkun (United States)
Economic Sciences	Daron Acemoglu (Turkey/United States) Simon Johnson (United Kingdom/United States) James A. Robinson (United Kingdom/United States)
Nobel Prize recipients 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025

Laureates of the Prince or Princess of Asturias Award for Technical and Scientific Research

Prince of Asturias Award for Technical and Scientific Research

1981: Alberto Sols
1982: Manuel Ballester
1983: Luis Antonio Santaló Sors
1984: Antonio Garcia-Bellido
1985: David Vázquez Martínez and Emilio Rosenblueth
1986: Antonio González González
1987: Jacinto Convit and Pablo Rudomín
1988: Manuel Cardona and Marcos Moshinsky
1989: Guido Münch
1990: Santiago Grisolía and Salvador Moncada
1991: Francisco Bolívar Zapata
1992: Federico García Moliner
1993: Amable Liñán
1994: Manuel Patarroyo
1995: Manuel Losada Villasante and Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad of Costa Rica
1996: Valentín Fuster
1997: Atapuerca research team
1998: Emilio Méndez Pérez and Pedro Miguel Echenique Landiríbar
1999: Ricardo Miledi and Enrique Moreno González
2000: Robert Gallo and Luc Montagnier
2001: Craig Venter, John Sulston, Francis Collins, Hamilton Smith, and Jean Weissenbach
2002: Lawrence Roberts, Robert E. Kahn, Vinton Cerf, and Tim Berners-Lee
2003: Jane Goodall
2004: Judah Folkman, Tony Hunter, Joan Massagué, Bert Vogelstein, and Robert Weinberg
2005: Antonio Damasio
2006: Juan Ignacio Cirac
2007: Peter Lawrence and Ginés Morata
2008: Sumio Iijima, Shuji Nakamura, Robert Langer, George M. Whitesides, and Tobin Marks
2009: Martin Cooper and Raymond Tomlinson
2010: David Julius, Baruch Minke, and Linda Watkins
2011: Joseph Altman, Arturo Álvarez-Buylla, and Giacomo Rizzolatti
2012: Gregory Winter and Richard A. Lerner
2013: Peter Higgs, François Englert, and European Organization for Nuclear Research CERN
2014: Avelino Corma Canós, Mark E. Davis, and Galen D. Stucky

Princess of Asturias Award for Technical and Scientific Research

2015: Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna
2016: Hugh Herr
2017: Rainer Weiss, Kip S. Thorne, Barry C. Barish, and the LIGO Scientific Collaboration
2018: Svante Pääbo
2019: Joanne Chory and Sandra Myrna Díaz
2020: Yves Meyer, Ingrid Daubechies, Terence Tao, and Emmanuel Candès
2021: Katalin Karikó, Drew Weissman, Philip Felgner, Uğur Şahin, Özlem Türeci, Derrick Rossi, and Sarah Gilbert
2022: Geoffrey Hinton, Yann LeCun, Yoshua Bengio, and Demis Hassabis
2023: Jeffrey I. Gordon, Everett Peter Greenberg, and Bonnie Bassler
2024: Daniel J. Drucker, Jeffrey M. Friedman, Joel F. Habener, Jens Juul Holst, and Svetlana Mojsov

v t e Bullfrog Productions (all games)
Populous series	Populous Populous II Populous: The Beginning
Syndicate series	Syndicate American Revolt Syndicate Wars
Magic Carpet series	Magic Carpet Magic Carpet 2
Theme series	Theme Park Theme Hospital Theme Aquarium Theme Park World Theme Park Inc
Dungeon Keeper series	Dungeon Keeper Dungeon Keeper 2
Other games	Fusion Flood Powermonger Hi-Octane Genewars
Cancelled games	Dungeon Keeper 3 Creation The Indestructibles
People	Peter Molyneux Les Edgar Glenn Corpes Gary Carr Mark Webley Demis Hassabis Mark Healey
Related companies	Mucky Foot Productions Lionhead Studios Lost Toys 22cans Two Point Studios 5 Lives Studios

v t e Lionhead Studios
General	List of games developed
Black & White series	Black & White Creature Isle Black & White 2 Battle of the Gods
Fable series	Fable Lost Chapters Fable II Fable III Fable Heroes Fable: The Journey Fable Legends
Other titles	B.C. The Movies Stunts & Effects Project Milo Unity
People	Peter Molyneux Mark Webley Steve Jackson Gary Carr Mark Healey Demis Hassabis
Related companies	Bullfrog Productions Elixir Studios Media Molecule 22cans Two Point Studios