Demographics of London

The demography of London is analysed by the Office for National Statistics and data is produced for each of the Greater London wards, the City of London and the 32 London boroughs, the Inner London and Outer London statistical sub-regions, each of the Parliamentary constituencies in London, and for all of Greater London as a whole. Additionally, data is produced for the Greater London Urban Area. Statistical information is produced about the size and geographical breakdown of the population, the number of people entering and leaving country and the number of people in each demographic subgroup. The 2021 population of London was 8,799,800.

Through the London Government Act of 1963, the Greater London region was established officially in 1965.

From 1997 onwards, London has experienced a drastic change in the composition of the city's population, which has off-set the decline of the population which had been occurring.^{[citation needed]} In 1991, 21.7% of the city was foreign born but by 2011 this had risen to 36.7%.

In 2011, a historic tipping point occurred with the release of the 2011 census, indicating that the White British population, which had before been the majority, was now no longer a majority of London's population, although it remained by far the largest single ethnic group.

The historical population for the current area of Greater London, divided into the statistical areas of Inner and Outer London is as follows:

In 2023, 104,252 live births occurred within London. The fertility rate of London in 2023 was 1.35, which is below replacement.

The population density of London was 5,727 per km2 in 2011.

At the 2001 census, the population of the Greater London Urban Area was 8,278,251. This area does not include some outliers within Greater London, but extends into the adjacent South East England and East of England regions. In 2004, the London Plan of the Mayor of London defined a metropolitan region with a population of 18 million.