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Design 1095 ship
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Design 1095 ship
The Design 1095 ship was an Emergency Fleet Corporation (EFC) design for a troop transport to be built at New York Shipbuilding Corporation and delivered to the United States Shipping Board (USSB) that, at the end of World War I hostilities, was modified to a combined passenger and cargo vessel. The contract was for thirteen ships, EFC hulls 2579 though 2591, but later adjusted to seven ships with the remainder being changed during construction to the slightly larger ships of EFC Design 1029 built from the start as passenger and cargo ships rather than being modified from the troop ship plan.
After initial service as USSB owned ships operated by agents, United States Lines in Atlantic service between New York and Europe with five ships and two ships with Swayne and Hoyt with the Pacific Argentine Brazil Line, the ships were sold in 1923 to Robert Dollar Company which initiated the Dollar and successor American President Lines' tradition of naming ships after presidents. The ships inaugurated Dollar's "Round-the-World" service which was continued by American President Lines with additional ships.
During World War II the seven ships were used as troop transports, three being converted to hospital ships (2 Army and 1 Navy) and three were lost. The three ships built as Old North State, Panhandle State and Blue Hen State became hospital ships and survived the war. Creole State served as a transport and began conversion to a hospital ship in the closing days of the war but the conversion stopped with peace upon which she was reconverted to become an Army transport for dependent repatriation. Two, President Taylor, built as Granite State and President Grant, built as Centennial State, became total losses after groundings. The ship built as Wolverine State and President Harrison at the time, was on a second voyage to evacuate Marines and civilians from China sailing after 7 December 1941, was grounded in an attempt to deny use by the Japanese, but salvaged and named Kachidoki Maru. While transporting British prisoners of war Kachidoki Maru was torpedoed and sunk by USS Pampanito on 12 September 1944.
All of the 10,500 GRT/12,000 DWT ships were modified over their operational life that extended into the post World War II years for the four that survived the war. The initial design was a modification of the original troop transport concept as part of a USSB program to increase overseas passenger and cargo capability with all first class accommodations on the "A", bridge and promenade decks for 78 passengers, a crew of 115 and significant cargo capacity. That plan changed for four of the ships assigned to North Atlantic routes even before commercial operation with addition of steerage, or Third Class, accommodations for carriage of immigrants. Those immigrant accommodations were of two types, one for tropical routes and one for North Atlantic routes with more stringent requirement for enclosed quarters due to the colder passage.
The transverse framed, 522 ft 5 in (159.2 m) length overall, 502 ft (153.0 m) length between perpendiculars double bottomed hull was divided into fourteen watertight compartments by watertight bulkheads extending up to "A" deck.
The cargo specifications for the seven ships were a bale cargo capacity of 465,940 cubic feet (13,194.0 m3) of which 52,300 cubic feet (1,481.0 m3) was cargo cold storage with separate meat and vegetable compartments insulated by layers of wood and cork. Under tropical conditions meat compartment was to maintain a temperature of 20 °F (−7 °C) and the vegetable compartment at 40 °F (4 °C). Multiple different sized hatches provide general cargo area. Cargo service was by means of thirty-two six ton booms and one thirty ton boom with ten kingpost.
Twin 16 ft 6 in (5.0 m) screws were driven by two triple expansion engines with four cylinders of 24 in (0.6 m), 50.5 in (1.3 m), 54 in (1.4 m) and 54 in (1.4 m) with 45 in (1.1 m) stroke provided steam from six oil fired Scotch boilers 11 ft 6 in (3.5 m) long and 15 ft 3 in (4.6 m) in diameter each fired by three 45 in (1.1 m) corrugated furnaces. Fuel capacity was 3,476 tons. The engines developed 6,000 indicated horsepower for a design service speed of 14 knots (16 mph; 26 km/h).
All the Design 1095 and Design 1029 hulls were launched or completed, after numerous design changes, with the nicknames of states, resulting in an early "class" name of "State ships." By May 1922 the USSB renamed all the ships and all but four for United States presidents. The Design 1095 ships, all renamed for presidents, were:
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Design 1095 ship
The Design 1095 ship was an Emergency Fleet Corporation (EFC) design for a troop transport to be built at New York Shipbuilding Corporation and delivered to the United States Shipping Board (USSB) that, at the end of World War I hostilities, was modified to a combined passenger and cargo vessel. The contract was for thirteen ships, EFC hulls 2579 though 2591, but later adjusted to seven ships with the remainder being changed during construction to the slightly larger ships of EFC Design 1029 built from the start as passenger and cargo ships rather than being modified from the troop ship plan.
After initial service as USSB owned ships operated by agents, United States Lines in Atlantic service between New York and Europe with five ships and two ships with Swayne and Hoyt with the Pacific Argentine Brazil Line, the ships were sold in 1923 to Robert Dollar Company which initiated the Dollar and successor American President Lines' tradition of naming ships after presidents. The ships inaugurated Dollar's "Round-the-World" service which was continued by American President Lines with additional ships.
During World War II the seven ships were used as troop transports, three being converted to hospital ships (2 Army and 1 Navy) and three were lost. The three ships built as Old North State, Panhandle State and Blue Hen State became hospital ships and survived the war. Creole State served as a transport and began conversion to a hospital ship in the closing days of the war but the conversion stopped with peace upon which she was reconverted to become an Army transport for dependent repatriation. Two, President Taylor, built as Granite State and President Grant, built as Centennial State, became total losses after groundings. The ship built as Wolverine State and President Harrison at the time, was on a second voyage to evacuate Marines and civilians from China sailing after 7 December 1941, was grounded in an attempt to deny use by the Japanese, but salvaged and named Kachidoki Maru. While transporting British prisoners of war Kachidoki Maru was torpedoed and sunk by USS Pampanito on 12 September 1944.
All of the 10,500 GRT/12,000 DWT ships were modified over their operational life that extended into the post World War II years for the four that survived the war. The initial design was a modification of the original troop transport concept as part of a USSB program to increase overseas passenger and cargo capability with all first class accommodations on the "A", bridge and promenade decks for 78 passengers, a crew of 115 and significant cargo capacity. That plan changed for four of the ships assigned to North Atlantic routes even before commercial operation with addition of steerage, or Third Class, accommodations for carriage of immigrants. Those immigrant accommodations were of two types, one for tropical routes and one for North Atlantic routes with more stringent requirement for enclosed quarters due to the colder passage.
The transverse framed, 522 ft 5 in (159.2 m) length overall, 502 ft (153.0 m) length between perpendiculars double bottomed hull was divided into fourteen watertight compartments by watertight bulkheads extending up to "A" deck.
The cargo specifications for the seven ships were a bale cargo capacity of 465,940 cubic feet (13,194.0 m3) of which 52,300 cubic feet (1,481.0 m3) was cargo cold storage with separate meat and vegetable compartments insulated by layers of wood and cork. Under tropical conditions meat compartment was to maintain a temperature of 20 °F (−7 °C) and the vegetable compartment at 40 °F (4 °C). Multiple different sized hatches provide general cargo area. Cargo service was by means of thirty-two six ton booms and one thirty ton boom with ten kingpost.
Twin 16 ft 6 in (5.0 m) screws were driven by two triple expansion engines with four cylinders of 24 in (0.6 m), 50.5 in (1.3 m), 54 in (1.4 m) and 54 in (1.4 m) with 45 in (1.1 m) stroke provided steam from six oil fired Scotch boilers 11 ft 6 in (3.5 m) long and 15 ft 3 in (4.6 m) in diameter each fired by three 45 in (1.1 m) corrugated furnaces. Fuel capacity was 3,476 tons. The engines developed 6,000 indicated horsepower for a design service speed of 14 knots (16 mph; 26 km/h).
All the Design 1095 and Design 1029 hulls were launched or completed, after numerous design changes, with the nicknames of states, resulting in an early "class" name of "State ships." By May 1922 the USSB renamed all the ships and all but four for United States presidents. The Design 1095 ships, all renamed for presidents, were: