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Dingiswayo

King Dingiswayo (Zulu pronunciation: [diŋɡisʷaːjo]; c. 1760 – 1817), born as Godongwana, was a king of the Mthethwa Kingdom, well known in history for his mentorship over a young Zulu general, Shaka kaSenzangakhona, who rose to become one of the most influential of the Zulu Kings. His father was the Mthethwa King, Jobe kaKayi.

It was under Dingiswayo that the Mthethwa rose to prominence, mostly employing diplomacy and assimilation of nearby chiefdoms to strengthen his power base. According to Mthethwa (1995), the Mthethwas are descended from the Nguni peoples of northern Natal and the Lubombo Mountains, whose modern identity dates back some 700 years.

Dingiswayo's lineage can be traced back to Mthethwa I. It is possible that Dingiswayo and Zwide kaLanga shared the same lineage through Xaba KaMadungu. Zwide was the king of the Ndwandwe, Khumalo, Msene, and Jele peoples. There does not, however, appear to be a direct family link between Zwide kaLanga and Soshangane kaZikode of the Nxumalo people.

Dingiswayo's Mthethwa family line is stated by Mthethwa (1995) as follows:

Godongwana kaJobe is first recorded during the wanderings of Nandi and her son Shaka, who settled with the Mthethwa under King Jobe. [clarification needed] Godongwana and his brother, Tana, plotted against their father Jobe, but their plot was discovered. Tana was killed and Godongwana made his escape. Nursed back to health by a sister, the young man found refuge in the foothills of the Drakensberg among the Qwabe and Langeni people. He changed his name to Dingiswayo, which means "one in distress or in exile".

Upon his father's death, he returned to Oyengweni his tribal home to claim the Kingship. He found his brother Mawewe in power. He displaced him without resistance. Mawewe fled but was lured back and killed.

Captain Goddard Edward Donovan and Dr Andrew Cowan of the 83rd Regiment who were exploring a Southern approach to the African interior and were possibly murdered by chief Phakathwayo, and Dingiswayo subsequently acquired Cowan's horse and gun. Dingiswayo's new military tactics were an adoption of western techniques of drills and formation movements under a chain of command.

With Shaka as his general, he attacked the Amangwane under Matiwane in about 1812 and drove them across the Buffalo river. It was the first of the Mfecane migrations – tribes displaced, latterly by the Zulus, and who in turn displaced others in a series of internecine wars.

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