There are around 447,600 people with disability in Cuba. A large number of people with disabilities in Cuba have an intellectual disability and about 3.2 percent have a severe disability. The government of Cuba has a medical model of disability in its approach to policies on people with disabilities. Another unique challenge that people with disabilities in the country face is due to the economic embargo of Cuba which has caused shortages in medical materials and assistive technology. The Constitution of Cuba has provisions for protecting the rights of people with disabilities and the country signed onto the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in 2007.

According to Humanity & Inclusion, around one third of people with disabilities in Cuba have an intellectual disability. Around 3.2% have a severe disability. Recent numbers, in 2018, showed that there were 447,674 people with disabilities living in the country and 46.3 percent of this number were women.

There are around 19,000 users of Cuban Sign Language (Lengua de Señas Cubana LSC). As of 2019, there are more than 300 interpreters of sign language in the country.

Cuba largely follows a medical model of disability in its policies. The National Council to Support Persons with Disabilities (CONAPED) was created in 1996 to implement programs and policies to protect the rights of people with disabilities. The National Action Plan of the country includes provisions for people with disabilities and which is carried out by CONAPED. Promoting the rights of people with disabilities and providing accessibility and other services were part of the country's Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).

Cubans can also access social security through the Social Security Act. Parents of children with disabilities are provided a subsidy. The Ministry of Labor and Social Security has reported that around 35,500 people with disabilities receive social assistance.

Cuban healthcare is free and locally provided with healthcare workers living in the same communities they serve. The healthcare service provides various rehabilitation services for adults with disabilities. Each person has a medical team assigned to them after being diagnosed with a "potential disability." Psychiatric hospitals require free and informed consent for medical procedures.

Discrimination on the basis of disability is prohibited, according to the Constitution of Cuba. However, making complaints to the government is often ineffective. The Attorney General's Office received 129 complaints of discrimination based on disability in 2014 and 23 percent were considered to be "well-founded."

Overall, the government considers the rate of violence against women and children with disabilities to be low and does not plan to open shelters for people in this category.