Donald Ray "Billy" Matthews (October 3, 1907 – October 26, 1997) was an American educator, World War II veteran and politician who served seven terms as a U.S. Representative from Florida from 1953 to 1967.

Born in Micanopy, Florida, Matthews attended the public schools of Hawthorne, Florida.

He graduated from the University of Florida at Gainesville in 1929 and taught school in Leesburg, Florida, and in Orlando, Florida from 1929 to 1935. He also served as a high school principal in Newberry, Florida in 1935 and 1936.

He served as a member of the State house of representatives in 1935 was a member of the administrative staff of the University of Florida from 1936 to 1952.

He served as assistant State 4-H agent in the summers of 1928–1938.

He served in the United States Army from 1942 to 1946 and was discharged as a captain of Infantry.

Matthews was elected as a Democrat to the Eighty-third and to the six succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1953 – January 3, 1967), during which time he was a signatory to the 1956 Southern Manifesto that opposed the desegregation of public schools ordered by the Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education.

He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection to the Ninetieth Congress in 1966, defeated in the Democratic primary by Don Fuqua.