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Dual process model of coping
The dual process model of coping is a model for coping with grief developed by Margaret Stroebe and Henk Schut. This model seeks to address shortcomings of prior models of coping, and provide a framework that better represents the natural variation in coping experience on a day to day basis.
The authors came up with a dual process model to better represent human grief. They explain that coping with bereavement, a state of loss, can be a combination of accepting loss and confronting life changes that can be experienced simultaneously. This model suggests that healthy coping is done through the oscillation between this acceptance and confrontation. It informs on how the combination of healthy emotional catharsis and changing perspective can be a good and healthy process to cope. Being able to confront the situation, prepared to change, and also deal with everyday life events that confound grieving allows the person to live their lives with desired states of stability in a subjective post-loss world in which bereaved persons find themselves (Parkes, 1993)[full citation needed].
Bereavement and the adjective 'bereaved' are derived from a verb, 'reave', which means "to despoil, rob, or forcibly deprive" according to the Oxford English Dictionary. Thus, a bereaved person is one who has been deprived, robbed, plundered, or stripped of someone or something that they valued. Reaction to this state or impact of loss is called grief. According to Lazarus and Folkman (1984),[full citation needed] coping strategies are the "constantly changing cognitive and behavioural efforts to manage specific external and/or internal demands that are appraised as taxing on or exceeding the resources of the person".
People vary in the ways they grieve and in the ways they cope. But acknowledging it and allowing themselves to go through the motions will allow them to cope in a healthy way. To cope with the loss, the person requires to relearn the world around them and simultaneously make a multifaceted transition from loving in presence to loving in absence (Attig, 2001).[full citation needed] A healthy relocation of the deceased internally and maintaining a healthy dynamic connectedness/relationship is observed to provide solace to the grieving, but the weightage differed in pluralistic cultural settings. Grievers will go through times of extreme sadness and also times where they are numb to what has happened.
Lack of appropriate coping can bring many ailments to a person, mental and physical. Healthy coping is achieved when the bereaved person is enabled to go forward with healthy, productive living by effortfully developing "new normals" to guide that living which is characterized by lesser stressful demands compared to the initial phase of grief. There are multiple ways to facilitate healthy coping and grieving. For instance, spirituality has been identified as a potential factor that could help facilitate healthy coping strategies and reduce the likelihood of developing complicated grief.
Greenblatt has reviewed spousal mourning as being essential for transition. He describes four phases of mourning: the initial reaction of shock, numbness, denial and disbelief; followed by pining, yearning, depression then in a healthy environment resolution phase begins with emancipation from the loved one and readjustment to the new environment.
In the dual process model, healthy coping can be understood as finding a proper balance between the loss oriented and restoration oriented process, ensuring that an individual has ample time to both acknowledge and process their grief while simultaneously finding distractions and new meaning.
The loss-oriented process focuses on coping with bereavement, the loss itself, recognizing it, and accepting it. In this process, a person may express feelings of grief with all the losses that occur from losing their loved one. There will be many changes from work to family and friendships. There might also be demographic changes and even economic ones. Loss-oriented coping has been identified as an essential aspect of early-stage bereavement, and depending on how an individual copes, it can significantly impact future adjustment. It has also been identified that ruminating on feelings of loss might lead to distorted, complicated or prolonged grief.
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Dual process model of coping
The dual process model of coping is a model for coping with grief developed by Margaret Stroebe and Henk Schut. This model seeks to address shortcomings of prior models of coping, and provide a framework that better represents the natural variation in coping experience on a day to day basis.
The authors came up with a dual process model to better represent human grief. They explain that coping with bereavement, a state of loss, can be a combination of accepting loss and confronting life changes that can be experienced simultaneously. This model suggests that healthy coping is done through the oscillation between this acceptance and confrontation. It informs on how the combination of healthy emotional catharsis and changing perspective can be a good and healthy process to cope. Being able to confront the situation, prepared to change, and also deal with everyday life events that confound grieving allows the person to live their lives with desired states of stability in a subjective post-loss world in which bereaved persons find themselves (Parkes, 1993)[full citation needed].
Bereavement and the adjective 'bereaved' are derived from a verb, 'reave', which means "to despoil, rob, or forcibly deprive" according to the Oxford English Dictionary. Thus, a bereaved person is one who has been deprived, robbed, plundered, or stripped of someone or something that they valued. Reaction to this state or impact of loss is called grief. According to Lazarus and Folkman (1984),[full citation needed] coping strategies are the "constantly changing cognitive and behavioural efforts to manage specific external and/or internal demands that are appraised as taxing on or exceeding the resources of the person".
People vary in the ways they grieve and in the ways they cope. But acknowledging it and allowing themselves to go through the motions will allow them to cope in a healthy way. To cope with the loss, the person requires to relearn the world around them and simultaneously make a multifaceted transition from loving in presence to loving in absence (Attig, 2001).[full citation needed] A healthy relocation of the deceased internally and maintaining a healthy dynamic connectedness/relationship is observed to provide solace to the grieving, but the weightage differed in pluralistic cultural settings. Grievers will go through times of extreme sadness and also times where they are numb to what has happened.
Lack of appropriate coping can bring many ailments to a person, mental and physical. Healthy coping is achieved when the bereaved person is enabled to go forward with healthy, productive living by effortfully developing "new normals" to guide that living which is characterized by lesser stressful demands compared to the initial phase of grief. There are multiple ways to facilitate healthy coping and grieving. For instance, spirituality has been identified as a potential factor that could help facilitate healthy coping strategies and reduce the likelihood of developing complicated grief.
Greenblatt has reviewed spousal mourning as being essential for transition. He describes four phases of mourning: the initial reaction of shock, numbness, denial and disbelief; followed by pining, yearning, depression then in a healthy environment resolution phase begins with emancipation from the loved one and readjustment to the new environment.
In the dual process model, healthy coping can be understood as finding a proper balance between the loss oriented and restoration oriented process, ensuring that an individual has ample time to both acknowledge and process their grief while simultaneously finding distractions and new meaning.
The loss-oriented process focuses on coping with bereavement, the loss itself, recognizing it, and accepting it. In this process, a person may express feelings of grief with all the losses that occur from losing their loved one. There will be many changes from work to family and friendships. There might also be demographic changes and even economic ones. Loss-oriented coping has been identified as an essential aspect of early-stage bereavement, and depending on how an individual copes, it can significantly impact future adjustment. It has also been identified that ruminating on feelings of loss might lead to distorted, complicated or prolonged grief.