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E series of preferred numbers
The E series is a system of preferred numbers (also called preferred values) derived for use in electronic components. It consists of the E3, E6, E12, E24, E48, E96 and E192 series, where the number after the 'E' designates the quantity of logarithmic value "steps" per decade. Although it is theoretically possible to produce components of any value, in practice the need for inventory simplification has led the industry to settle on the E series for resistors, capacitors, inductors, and zener diodes. Other types of electrical components are either specified by the Renard series (for example fuses) or are defined in relevant product standards (for example IEC 60228 for wires).
During the Golden Age of Radio (1920s to 1950s), numerous companies manufactured vacuum-tube–based AM radio receivers for consumer use. In the early years, many components were not standardized between AM radio manufacturers. The capacitance values of capacitors (previously called condensers) and resistance values of resistors were not standardized as they are today.
In 1924, the Radio Manufacturers Association (RMA) was formed in Chicago, Illinois by 50 radio manufacturers to license and share patents. Over time, this group created some of the earliest standards for electronics components. In 1936, the RMA adopted a preferred-number system for the resistance values of fixed-composition resistors. Over time, resistor manufacturers migrated from older values to the 1936 resistance value standard.
During World War II (1940s), American and British military production was a major influence for establishing common standards across many industries, especially in electronics, where it was essential to produce high quantities of standardized electronic parts to build military devices, such as wireless communications, radar, radar jammers, LORAN radio navigation receivers for aircraft, test equipment, and more.
Later, the mid-20th century baby boom and the invention of the transistor kicked off demand for consumer electronics goods during the 1950s. As portable transistor radio manufacturing migrated from United States towards Japan during the late 1950s, it was critical for the electronic industry to have international standards.
After being worked on by the RMA, the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) began work on an international standard in 1948. The first version of this IEC Publication 63 (IEC 63) was released in 1952. Later, IEC 63 was revised, amended, and renamed into the current version known as IEC 60063:2015.
IEC 60063 release history:
The E series of preferred numbers was chosen such that when a component is manufactured it will end up in a range of roughly equally spaced values (geometric progression) on a logarithmic scale. Each E series subdivides each decade magnitude into steps of 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 96, and 192 values, termed E3, E6, and so forth to E192, with maximum errors of 40%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 2%, 1%, 0.5%, respectively. Also, the E192 series is used for 0.25% and 0.1% tolerance resistors.
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E series of preferred numbers
The E series is a system of preferred numbers (also called preferred values) derived for use in electronic components. It consists of the E3, E6, E12, E24, E48, E96 and E192 series, where the number after the 'E' designates the quantity of logarithmic value "steps" per decade. Although it is theoretically possible to produce components of any value, in practice the need for inventory simplification has led the industry to settle on the E series for resistors, capacitors, inductors, and zener diodes. Other types of electrical components are either specified by the Renard series (for example fuses) or are defined in relevant product standards (for example IEC 60228 for wires).
During the Golden Age of Radio (1920s to 1950s), numerous companies manufactured vacuum-tube–based AM radio receivers for consumer use. In the early years, many components were not standardized between AM radio manufacturers. The capacitance values of capacitors (previously called condensers) and resistance values of resistors were not standardized as they are today.
In 1924, the Radio Manufacturers Association (RMA) was formed in Chicago, Illinois by 50 radio manufacturers to license and share patents. Over time, this group created some of the earliest standards for electronics components. In 1936, the RMA adopted a preferred-number system for the resistance values of fixed-composition resistors. Over time, resistor manufacturers migrated from older values to the 1936 resistance value standard.
During World War II (1940s), American and British military production was a major influence for establishing common standards across many industries, especially in electronics, where it was essential to produce high quantities of standardized electronic parts to build military devices, such as wireless communications, radar, radar jammers, LORAN radio navigation receivers for aircraft, test equipment, and more.
Later, the mid-20th century baby boom and the invention of the transistor kicked off demand for consumer electronics goods during the 1950s. As portable transistor radio manufacturing migrated from United States towards Japan during the late 1950s, it was critical for the electronic industry to have international standards.
After being worked on by the RMA, the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) began work on an international standard in 1948. The first version of this IEC Publication 63 (IEC 63) was released in 1952. Later, IEC 63 was revised, amended, and renamed into the current version known as IEC 60063:2015.
IEC 60063 release history:
The E series of preferred numbers was chosen such that when a component is manufactured it will end up in a range of roughly equally spaced values (geometric progression) on a logarithmic scale. Each E series subdivides each decade magnitude into steps of 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 96, and 192 values, termed E3, E6, and so forth to E192, with maximum errors of 40%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 2%, 1%, 0.5%, respectively. Also, the E192 series is used for 0.25% and 0.1% tolerance resistors.