Eastland County is a county located in central West Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 17,725. The county seat is Eastland. The county was founded in 1858 and later organized in 1873. It is named for William Mosby Eastland, a soldier during the Texas Revolution and the only officer to die as a result of the "Black Bean executions" of the Mier Expedition.

Two Eastland County communities, Cisco and Ranger, have junior colleges.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 932 sq mi (2,410 km²), of which 5.4 sq mi (14 km²) (0.6%) are covered by water.

As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 17,725. The median age was 43.4 years. 21.1% of residents were under the age of 18 and 22.7% of residents were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females there were 96.5 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 95.5 males age 18 and over.

The racial makeup of the county was 82.8% White, 2.0% Black or African American, 0.8% American Indian and Alaska Native, 0.6% Asian, 0.1% Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, 5.4% from some other race, and 8.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race comprised 16.6% of the population.

<0.1% of residents lived in urban areas, while 100.0% lived in rural areas.

There were 7,167 households in the county, of which 27.2% had children under the age of 18 living in them. Of all households, 49.2% were married-couple households, 18.7% were households with a male householder and no spouse or partner present, and 27.3% were households with a female householder and no spouse or partner present. About 30.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 16.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.

There were 9,341 housing units, of which 23.3% were vacant. Among occupied housing units, 72.9% were owner-occupied and 27.1% were renter-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 3.0% and the rental vacancy rate was 11.9%.