Equatorial Guinea elects on the national level a head of state – the president – and a legislature. The president is elected for a seven-year term by the people. President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo was re-elected unopposed on 15 December 2002. The Chamber of Deputies (Chambre des députés) has 100 members, elected for a five-year term by proportional representation in multi-member constituencies.

Equatorial Guinea is a dominant-party state. This means that only one political party, the Democratic Party of Equatorial Guinea (PDGE), is de facto allowed to hold effective power. Although minor parties are de jure allowed to rule, they are de facto required to accept the leadership of the dominant party.^{[citation needed]} According to Freedom House, Equatoguinean elections are "neither free nor fair."

The official government website announced on 21 November 2022 that after a preliminary count, the PDGE had won over 99.7% of the votes so far counted. It was therefore suspected by many news agencies and journalists that this election would be a landslide "victory" for incumbent Obiang, just as every presidential election in Equatorial Guinea since their post-coup reintroduction in 1989. The United States said that it had "serious doubts about the credibility of the announced results" of the election.

The government announced on 26 November 2022 that Obiang had won the election by an overwhelming margin, as expected. It stated that provisional results showed him with 97% of the vote on a turnout of 98%. The official numbers included a few mistakes including the total electorate or the number of valid votes.

The PDGE won all seats in parliament and in all municipal assemblies according to official results as well.