The Episcopal Divinity School (EDS) is an unaccredited theological school in New York City. Established to train people for ordination in the American Episcopal Church, the seminary eventually began training students from other denominations. The school currently does not enroll any seminarians, and states that it is currently "exploring multiple models for theological education."

For most of its history, EDS was headquartered in Cambridge, Massachusetts. From 2018 to 2023, it was affiliated with Union Theological Seminary in New York City.

EDS and its predecessors established a reputation for progressive teaching and action on issues of civil rights and social justice. Its faculty and students were directly involved in many of the social controversies surrounding the Episcopal Church in the latter half of the 20th century and at the start of the 21st. From 1930 to 1964, three out of the four presiding bishops of the Episcopal Church were alumni of EDS' predecessor Episcopal Theological School: James De Wolf Perry, Henry Knox Sherrill, and Arthur Lichtenberger.

The Episcopal Divinity School (EDS) was founded in 1974 by combining the Episcopal Theological School (ETS) and the Philadelphia Divinity School (PDS). ETS's first dean was John Seely Stone, a former PDS lecturer.

The Philadelphia Divinity School was founded in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1857 as the Divinity School of the Protestant Episcopal Church by Alonzo Potter, Bishop of Pennsylvania.

The Episcopal Theological School was founded in Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1867 by Boston businessman Benjamin Tyler Reed. Although ETS' first dean, John Seely Stone, was part of the evangelical wing of the Anglican church, the school developed into a stronghold of the Broad Church movement and welcomed liberal and progressive views. It was "the first Episcopal theological seminary to welcome modern biblical scholarship," and in 1924 its faculty asked its alumni priests to accommodate congregants who did not believe in the virgin birth. In 1941, ETS became the first Episcopal seminary to appoint a female full-time faculty member (Adelaide Teague Case).

According to one alumnus, the school's reputation for theological progressivism was so strong that "candidates for the Episcopal ministry who did not have independent financial means avoided the Cambridge seminary lest they become so infected with its social heresies that they could not hold suburban pulpits." In 1919, ETS offered its deanship to alumnus C. L. Slattery, who declined the position; nine years later, a committee led by now-Bishop Slattery published a revision to the Book of Common Prayer which made "far-reaching, and in some instances radical," changes to both language and theology, decisively moving away from the concept of total depravity.

The founders chose Cambridge, Massachusetts for its proximity to Harvard University. ETS provided an Anglican alternative to Harvard's divinity school and Memorial Church, both of which were predominantly Unitarian at the time. ETS students were allowed to cross-register in Harvard courses and to use the divinity school library. After retiring from ETS, Henry Washburn served as the director of Harvard Memorial Church from 1940 to 1950.