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Esfandiyār

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Esfandiyār

Esfandiyār is a legendary hero from Iranian national history and one of the characters of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh (The Book of Kings). He was the son and the crown prince of the Kayanian King Goshtasp and Queen Katāyoun. He was the grandchild of Kay Lohrasp.

Esfandiyār is best known for the tragic story of a battle with Rostam described in Ferdowsi's epic Shahnameh. It is one of the longest episodes in Shahnameh and is one of its literary highlights.

The Persian word 'Sepandiār' is derived from Middle Persian: Spandadāt or 'Spandyat' (the variance is due to ambiguities inherent in the Pahlavi script), which in turn derives from Avestan: Spəntōδāta- meaning "Given by Spenta Armaiti" which is later personified as sepandarmaz (سپندارمذ), but in original Avestan meant "creative harmonious thought" [citation needed] (usually referring to the physical laws of nature), but in time had come to mean holy or "Given by (the) holy" (See Amesha Spenta for other meanings of spenta).

According to the epic Shahnameh, Esfandiyār was the Crown Prince and a Divine Warrior of ancient Iran who supported the prophet Zarathustra, enabling him to spread the religion of Zoroastrianism. He also fought against many apostates and enemies of Zarathustra to do so. In return, Zarathustra gave Esfandiyār a chain and armor from Heaven. The armor made him invulnerable and the chain had the power to bind anyone, even a demon or evil magician, making them unable to escape. Zarathustra also gave a Divine blessing to the prince and declared that anyone who spills the blood of Esfandiyār shall suffer a cursed life of bad omens until the day he dies, and even after death would be condemned to hell.

Esfandiyār's father, Goshtasp, had promised to give him the throne if he manages to repel an invasion in far-off provinces. Esfandiyār successfully carries out the order. Upon his return, Goshtasp informs him that during his absence the king of Turan: Arjāsp had rebelled and attacked Iran's capital and abducted Esfandiyār's two sisters. Goshtasp sends Esfandiyār on another mission to suppress the rebellion and retrieve the abducted princesses.

Esfandiyār sets out in haste passing through a difficult and dangerous path with 7 different battles which would be known later as 7 labors of Esfandiyār. These are:

1. Slaying two monstrous wolves.

2. Slaying two man-eating lions.

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