Euston Square

Euston Square is a large square in the London Borough of Camden in Central London. It lies on Euston Road, and Euston railway station and Euston bus station are on its northernmost side. Although “Euston Square” strictly refers to the square, in day-to-day use the name is often used to refer to Euston Square tube station, whose entrance is at the junction of Euston Road and North Gower Street. The southern half of the square was built over in the 1920s, leaving Euston Square Gardens on the north side in front of Euston station.

Euston Road forms a section of the New Road, which was constructed in the 1750s as a turnpike trust toll road. The road was intended initially as a drovers' road, a route along which to drive cattle and sheep, to the live meat market at Smithfield from roads approaching London from the north and north-west, thus avoiding the congested east–west route via Oxford Street and High Holborn. The road was built to a minimum width of 60 feet (18 m), and very rapidly. It was also intended to halt the “ruinous rage for building” on the north side of central London by the Bedford, Portman and Fitzroy Estates, amongst others.

In the 1810s the northward expansion of Bloomsbury reached the New Road with the creation of Euston Square, named after Euston Hall in Suffolk, the ancestral home of the Dukes of Grafton, the main landowners in the area during the mid-19th century. Gardens were laid out on the north and south sides of the New Road, with houses at its edges.

Euston station became London’s first inter-city railway station when it opened on 20 July 1837 on land adjacent to the north side of Euston Square. The London and Birmingham Railway company was denied the legal right to press further into the city and the line halted at the edge of the Southampton Estate, two blocks north of Euston Square.

Gower Street station was opened in 1863 by the Metropolitan Railway (MR), the world's first underground railway, and was renamed “Euston Square” tube station in 1909.

In 1870 the main line station was rebuilt with a formal layout, and two Portland stone classical style entrance lodges were erected on Euston Road to frame the approach to the portico of the main station entrance, known as the Euston Arch.

In 1877 or 1878, no. 4 Euston Square was the site of a murder that became popularly known as the "Euston Square Murder" after the body of Matilda Hacker was found in the coal cellar of the house in 1879. She had last been seen in 1877.

In 1923 the freehold of the southern part of the square, known as Endsleigh Gardens, came on the market and was bought by the Quakers for building. In return for permission to bring the building line forward by 20 feet (6.1 m), a 30 feet (9.1 m) wide strip of land had to be surrendered for the widening of Euston Road by the London County Council. As a result, half the area of the square was lost.