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Exclamation mark

The exclamation mark ! (also known as exclamation point in American English) is a punctuation mark usually used after an interjection, exclamation or noise to indicate strong feelings (e.g. surprise, humour, anger), a loud sound (e.g. Bang!), or to show emphasis. The exclamation mark often marks the end of a sentence.

A bare exclamation mark (with nothing before or after) is frequently used in warning signs.

The exclamation mark likely came from the word io, which was used to express joy. Over time, writers made a set of changes to io that made it become the exclamation mark. The writer Iacopo Alpoleio da Urbisaglia created the exclamation mark since he was frustrated when readers did not read text with emotion when the text was supposed to have it.

Other uses include:

In the 14th century, the exclamation mark was called the punctus admirativus/exclamativus, coming from a text by the writer Iacopo Alpoleio da Urbisaglia. About fifty years later, the writer Coluccio Salutati used the mark in his writing, which popularized it and spread its use to England, where the name punctus admirativus/exclamativus was translated to "point of admiration/exclamation". Later, people began to name it the "point/note/sign of admiration/exclamation". The difference between "admiration" and "exclamation" ended during the 18th century, when people deemed it unnecessary. Eventually, the name "exclamation mark" became popular.

Linguists suggest that the exclamation mark comes from a Latin exclamation of joy, namely io, which is similar to "hooray". Writers would write io at the end of sentences to express joy. Gradually, these writers made a set of changes to io, such as placing the "i" above the "o", removing the dot from the "i", and making the "o" smaller until it turned into a dot. This set of changes turned io into the exclamation mark.

Linguists find the exclamation mark's use as punctuation to come from the middle of the 14th century during the Italian Renaissance, when the writer Iacopo Alpoleio da Urbisaglia made it. The linguist Florence Hazrat says he "was really annoyed" that people read text with no emotion, when the text was meant to have it, this led him to create the exclamation mark. His early exclamation mark resembled the modern one, it was a period with an apostrophe above it. It was used to express emotions such as admiration and surprise. In his text, he named it the punctus admirativus/exclamativus, although this name fell out of use.

The exclamation mark was first used by the writer Coluccio Salutati in the early 15th century, which led to its frequent usage. Shortly after, English printers (people who operate printing presses) began to use the exclamation mark in their printing to emphasize sentences.

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