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Executive Order 14036
Executive Order 14036, titled Executive Order on Promoting Competition in the American Economy and sometimes referred to as the Executive Order on Competition, is the fifty-first executive order signed by U.S. President Joe Biden. Signed on July 9, 2021, the order serves to establish a "whole-of-government effort to promote competition in the American economy" by encouraging stronger enforcement of antitrust law.
The executive order directs over a dozen federal agencies, including the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), to take action on 72 separate initiatives identified by the Biden administration as beneficial to reining in anti-competitive practices. Specific initiatives in the executive order include efforts to limit non-compete clauses, allow for hearing aids to be sold over the counter, and revive net neutrality. The order has been interpreted as supportive of the "right to repair" movement, which seeks to prohibit companies from making products prohibitively difficult to repair in order to encourage consumers to purchase new products.
The order additionally establishes the White House Competition Council, a fifteen-member committee led by National Economic Council (NEC) director Lael Brainard.
The order was revoked by President Donald Trump on August 13, 2025.
Antitrust enforcement in the United States began to decline in the 1970s, which coincided with the rise of the laissez-faire "consumer welfare standard" as the dominant approach to antitrust issues.
In the 2010s, concerns surrounding corporate concentration and wealth inequality led to a revived interest in antitrust enforcement. During the 2020 Democratic presidential primary, multiple contenders including then-candidate Biden indicated support for strengthening antitrust enforcement in the tech sector.
As President, Biden appointed vocal proponents of antitrust enforcement to advisory and regulatory roles, including Tim Wu as an advisor at the NEC and Lina Khan as chairwoman of the FTC. Wu helped author Executive Order 14036 and assisted with its implementation during his time as an advisor.
Containing 72 provisions, the executive order was said to be "striking in its scope and ambition" by The Washington Post.
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Executive Order 14036
Executive Order 14036, titled Executive Order on Promoting Competition in the American Economy and sometimes referred to as the Executive Order on Competition, is the fifty-first executive order signed by U.S. President Joe Biden. Signed on July 9, 2021, the order serves to establish a "whole-of-government effort to promote competition in the American economy" by encouraging stronger enforcement of antitrust law.
The executive order directs over a dozen federal agencies, including the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), to take action on 72 separate initiatives identified by the Biden administration as beneficial to reining in anti-competitive practices. Specific initiatives in the executive order include efforts to limit non-compete clauses, allow for hearing aids to be sold over the counter, and revive net neutrality. The order has been interpreted as supportive of the "right to repair" movement, which seeks to prohibit companies from making products prohibitively difficult to repair in order to encourage consumers to purchase new products.
The order additionally establishes the White House Competition Council, a fifteen-member committee led by National Economic Council (NEC) director Lael Brainard.
The order was revoked by President Donald Trump on August 13, 2025.
Antitrust enforcement in the United States began to decline in the 1970s, which coincided with the rise of the laissez-faire "consumer welfare standard" as the dominant approach to antitrust issues.
In the 2010s, concerns surrounding corporate concentration and wealth inequality led to a revived interest in antitrust enforcement. During the 2020 Democratic presidential primary, multiple contenders including then-candidate Biden indicated support for strengthening antitrust enforcement in the tech sector.
As President, Biden appointed vocal proponents of antitrust enforcement to advisory and regulatory roles, including Tim Wu as an advisor at the NEC and Lina Khan as chairwoman of the FTC. Wu helped author Executive Order 14036 and assisted with its implementation during his time as an advisor.
Containing 72 provisions, the executive order was said to be "striking in its scope and ambition" by The Washington Post.