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Fairlop

Fairlop is a suburban area of Ilford, in the London Borough of Redbridge in East London. Historically in Essex, it was part of the Municipal Borough of Ilford until 1965, when the Borough, including Fairlop, became part of Greater London. It lies close to areas such as Loughton, Chigwell, Barkingside and Woodford.

As well as its residential areas, the district includes farmland, woodland and recreational facilities such as Fairlop Waters and Redbridge Sports Centre. The area, which has a tube station, is located 11 miles north-east of Charing Cross.

The area takes its name from the Fairlop Oak, a large tree, which once stood in the area, which was then part of Hainault Forest. The area was historically famous for the Fairlop Fair, a long-standing East End institution. The festival which would grow to last for a full week per year, drew crowds of up to 300,000, mainly from the East End of London.

The district took its name from a famous old oak tree, the Fairlop Oak, that stood in Hainault Forest; most of the forest was destroyed in the mid-nineteenth century. Similarly, the Romany name for the district Boro-rukenesky gav means 'Great Tree Town'.

The first certain known use of the name is recorded in 1738 as Fair Lop Tree. This disproves the tradition that the name arose after the burial of Daniel Day at Barking Church (Ilford and with it Hainault Forest were part of the ancient parish of Barking at this time) in 1767. Day is believed to have been buried in a coffin made from a large bough that fell from the tree - so according to the story it was a 'fair lop (cut)' as the tree wasn't harmed.

The oak, which stood in an open part of the forest known as Fairlop Plain, is said to have had a trunk sixty-six feet in circumference, from which seventeen branches issued, most of them measuring not less than twelve feet in girth.

A legend has it that Queen Anne (reigned 1702-1714) visited Hainault Forest and was greatly impressed by the oak. One of the songs sung at the fair (which started in 1725) was called "Come, come, my boys", in which one verse states:

To Hainault Forest Queen Anne did ride,
And saw the old oak standing by her side,
And as she looked at it from bottom to top,
She said to her Court, it should be at Fairlop.

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