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Fineview

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Fineview

Fineview—known to older generations as Nunnery Hill—is a neighborhood on Pittsburgh's North Side with expansive views of downtown Pittsburgh. The most famous of these views is from the Fineview Overlook at the corner of Catoma Street and Meadville Street.

In the past, this neighborhood was known for its streetcar line (#21 Fineview) and for the Nunnery Hill Incline. This funicular railway, which ran from 1888 until 1895, was one of two in the Pittsburgh area that had a curve in it. (The other was the Knoxville Incline on the South Side.)

Fineview has zip codes of both 15212 and 15214 and has representation on Pittsburgh City Council by the council members for District 6 (North Shore and Downtown neighborhoods) and District 1 (North Central neighborhoods). It is within Pittsburgh's 25th ward.

On orders from the Supreme Executive Council of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, surveyor and Pennsylvania Vice-president David Redick visited the area north of Pittsburgh during the winter of 1788. He reported back to the Supreme Executive Council and its then-president, Benjamin Franklin, on February 19, 1788, warning that the land, including the Fineview area, "abounds with high Hill and deep Hollows, almost inaccessible to a Surveyor. . . . I cannot think that ten acre lotts [sic] on such pitts [sic] and hills will possably [sic] meet with purchasers, unless like a pig in a poke it be kept out of view."

Nuns of the Order of St. Clare ("Poor Clares") became early settlers of the Fineview area in 1828 when they purchased 60 acres for a convent and young women's academy. They completed construction on their institution, St. Clare's Seminary, and began accepting applications in 1829. The seminary consisted of a wood-frame structure that stood at the present-day southern terminus of Belleau Drive. The seminary closed in 1835 following a dispute with the nuns' church superiors. Prior to auctioning the land in 1839, an auctioneer praised the land's "many advantages in point of health, abounding with springs of the purest water, and commanding a view of the City, the Rivers, and surrounding country." The seminary building remained atop its hill until 1881, giving the Fineview area its old nickname, "Nunnery Hill."

The next significant development came under the ownership of banker Thompson Bell, who acquired the same 60 acres in 1847–1848 and began advertising subdivided lots of land for sale in 1849. He had the former St. Clare's Seminary renovated to rent out as a summer home and had a smaller brick house built for himself in 1850–1851 along "Belle Avenue" at the present-day intersection of Mountford Avenue and Belleau Street. In 1854, Bell sold a five-acre tract of land to St. Mary's Parish, whose predominantly German Catholic parishioners worshiped in East Allegheny, for a cemetery. Stonemason and engineer James Andrews bought his first section of "Nunnery Hill" in 1864 and commissioned his Heathside Cottage for the site soon thereafter. Other significant early purchasers include Robert Henderson, who had the Henderson-Metz House built around 1860.

While wealthy residents of Allegheny established country estates on Nunnery Hill in the late 19th century, others put the hilltop area to other uses typical of the rural-urban fringe. Stone quarrying, brick-making, and coal mining occurred throughout the hill. St. Mary's laid the cornerstone for a mortuary chapel at its Nunnery Hill cemetery in 1870. After searching for several years for a "hill district" site for a municipal smallpox hospital ("pest house"), in 1883 the city of Allegheny bought a house and land on Warren Street for this purpose.

Still, new private and public sector services encouraged settlement of Nunnery Hill in the 1870s and 1880s. The Twelfth Ward school district bought land for a new school on Willis Street (now Meadville Street) in 1877, which opened to students within the next several years. The city built a pumping station at Howard Street in 1882 to pump water along the present-day location of the Rising Main steps to tanks (and later a reservoir) atop Nunnery Hill. But no improvement accelerated speculation and homebuilding so much as the Nunnery Hill Incline, completed in 1888. The curved incline carried passengers from the present-day intersection of Henderson Street and Federal Street to its terminus on Meadville Street. (The old retaining wall that was built for the incline can still be seen running up the side of Henderson Street.)

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