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Fipsen
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Fipsen
Fipsen or Fips is an old north German card game for 4 or 5 players that resembles British Nap in some respects. It is a trick-taking game played with a standard Skat pack that was once popular across North Germany in the former states of Schleswig, Holstein, Mecklenburg and Pomerania, but is now restricted to the south Holstein region. In the village of Thedinghausen in Lower Saxony, a rather different game is played under the same name for currant buns called Hedewigs. It has been described as "quite a special card game" that is "ancient, but very easy to learn".
Fipsen is an old North German card game that emerges in the sources in the late 18th and early 19th century. In 1756, the term appears in an Osnabrück dialect dictionary as "Fipsen: said of a certain card game" and, in 1781, it is recorded in a Low German dictionary for the Pomeranian region as "Fipps, a game of cards." By the mid-19th century it was thriving as a rural pastime, for example, in Dithmarschen in North Frisia it was "a game very popular among farmers" and further afield in Mecklenburg farmers played it alongside Dreikart and Solo. Finder, too, reports it being played at that time in the Vierlande area of Hamburg state together with Dreekort and other games.
But the name may have been used for more than one game. In 1929, Mensing reports that Fips is a card game "with similar or the same rules as Dreekaart" and Wossidlo tells us that "Fipp" is a "card game played with three or five cards." The earliest account of any actual rules appears as late as 1957 where two variants of the game as played in Mecklenburg are described.
Today, Fipsen is still played in central north Germany in Holstein, for example in the counties of Pinneberg, Segeberg and Stormarn in Schleswig-Holstein. There are at least two distinct variants of Holstein Fipsen as played in Prisdorf and Großenaspe. Tournaments are sometimes played, for example, in 2017 at Pinneberg.
In the village of Thedinghausen, near Verden in Lower Saxony, an entirely different game, also called Fipsen, is played between five players, traditionally played for currant buns called Hedewigs.
Wossidlo and Teuchert give a brief description of two variants of mid-century Fips in Mecklenburg. In both cases, all the diamonds are removed from a 32-card, German-suited pack except for the Ace which is known as the Rutenas. Diamonds is thus the preferred suit or 'preference'.
The first variant is Anseggerfips ("Auction Fips"). Players are dealt five cards, the remainder forming a five-card talon or Dutt. Forehand then began the auction by passing or bidding the number of tricks he or she intended to take. Later players could pass or bid a higher number of tricks or, if holding the Rutenas, nominate diamonds as trumps so that e.g. a Rutenzwei ("Diamond Two") outbid a Zwei ("Two"). A Fips was an undertaking to win all five tricks and could only be overcalled by a Rutenfips. If all passed, the cards were thrown in and re-dealt. The actual play is not described, but may have been similar to that of modern Holstein Fipsen (see below).
The second variant was Duttfips ("Widow Fips"; Dutt means "pile" or "heap" and refers to the extra hand or widow). The bidding was different. Forehand was not allowed to pass, but could play one of four contracts. In the lowest, forehand took the Dutt, discarded five cards from the resulting hand and announced trumps, playing to win the majority of tricks. This contract could be outbid by the other players with a "Ruten oewer!" - the same contract but with the Rutenas as the only trump card. The next higher bid was a Fips and the highest was a Rutenfips as before. It is likely that there was only one round of bidding and players could go straight to their highest bid, the Dutt being available in each case.
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Fipsen
Fipsen or Fips is an old north German card game for 4 or 5 players that resembles British Nap in some respects. It is a trick-taking game played with a standard Skat pack that was once popular across North Germany in the former states of Schleswig, Holstein, Mecklenburg and Pomerania, but is now restricted to the south Holstein region. In the village of Thedinghausen in Lower Saxony, a rather different game is played under the same name for currant buns called Hedewigs. It has been described as "quite a special card game" that is "ancient, but very easy to learn".
Fipsen is an old North German card game that emerges in the sources in the late 18th and early 19th century. In 1756, the term appears in an Osnabrück dialect dictionary as "Fipsen: said of a certain card game" and, in 1781, it is recorded in a Low German dictionary for the Pomeranian region as "Fipps, a game of cards." By the mid-19th century it was thriving as a rural pastime, for example, in Dithmarschen in North Frisia it was "a game very popular among farmers" and further afield in Mecklenburg farmers played it alongside Dreikart and Solo. Finder, too, reports it being played at that time in the Vierlande area of Hamburg state together with Dreekort and other games.
But the name may have been used for more than one game. In 1929, Mensing reports that Fips is a card game "with similar or the same rules as Dreekaart" and Wossidlo tells us that "Fipp" is a "card game played with three or five cards." The earliest account of any actual rules appears as late as 1957 where two variants of the game as played in Mecklenburg are described.
Today, Fipsen is still played in central north Germany in Holstein, for example in the counties of Pinneberg, Segeberg and Stormarn in Schleswig-Holstein. There are at least two distinct variants of Holstein Fipsen as played in Prisdorf and Großenaspe. Tournaments are sometimes played, for example, in 2017 at Pinneberg.
In the village of Thedinghausen, near Verden in Lower Saxony, an entirely different game, also called Fipsen, is played between five players, traditionally played for currant buns called Hedewigs.
Wossidlo and Teuchert give a brief description of two variants of mid-century Fips in Mecklenburg. In both cases, all the diamonds are removed from a 32-card, German-suited pack except for the Ace which is known as the Rutenas. Diamonds is thus the preferred suit or 'preference'.
The first variant is Anseggerfips ("Auction Fips"). Players are dealt five cards, the remainder forming a five-card talon or Dutt. Forehand then began the auction by passing or bidding the number of tricks he or she intended to take. Later players could pass or bid a higher number of tricks or, if holding the Rutenas, nominate diamonds as trumps so that e.g. a Rutenzwei ("Diamond Two") outbid a Zwei ("Two"). A Fips was an undertaking to win all five tricks and could only be overcalled by a Rutenfips. If all passed, the cards were thrown in and re-dealt. The actual play is not described, but may have been similar to that of modern Holstein Fipsen (see below).
The second variant was Duttfips ("Widow Fips"; Dutt means "pile" or "heap" and refers to the extra hand or widow). The bidding was different. Forehand was not allowed to pass, but could play one of four contracts. In the lowest, forehand took the Dutt, discarded five cards from the resulting hand and announced trumps, playing to win the majority of tricks. This contract could be outbid by the other players with a "Ruten oewer!" - the same contract but with the Rutenas as the only trump card. The next higher bid was a Fips and the highest was a Rutenfips as before. It is likely that there was only one round of bidding and players could go straight to their highest bid, the Dutt being available in each case.