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Frank Spisak
Frank G. Spisak Jr. (June 6, 1951 – February 17, 2011) was an American neo-Nazi serial killer and lone wolf terrorist who killed three people and attacked two from February to August 1982. Two of his victims were black, while one was white, Spisak having thought he was Jewish. He was a member of the neo-Nazi National Socialist White People's Party. In 1983, he was convicted of the murders and sentenced to death.
While in prison, he was in contact with neo-Nazi James Mason and was lionized by his newsletter SIEGE. He appealed his sentence repeatedly, with the United States Supreme Court finally ruling against him in 2010 in the decision Smith v. Spisak. Spisak was executed by lethal injection in 2011 after over 27 years spent on death row, a record for Ohio.
Frank G. Spisak Jr. was born in Cleveland, Ohio on June 6, 1951. His father was a factory worker, and moved their family to Middleburg Heights in Spisak's youth to avoid the increased black population resulting from migration. Spisak was known in high school as awkward, a member of the chess club, who was known to draw swastikas. He enrolled at Cleveland State University, but was unable to afford the tuition, and dropped out the following year.
He was a member of the National Socialist White People's Party (NSWPP, previously the American Nazi Party). In 1970, he met fellow neo-Nazi James Mason at the party's bookstore in Cleveland in addition to party meetings at their headquarters in Arlington, Virginia. According to a neo-Nazi paper, Spisak was in 1975 criticized by the White Confederacy neo-Nazi group for claiming to still be an officer in an organization from which he was actually expelled.
At 22, he married a woman named Laverne and had a daughter, with Spisak working menially at a factory. His wife found his Nazism "off-putting", with Spisak often reading about Hitler in his spare time. Three years into their marriage, Spisak sustained a head injury in a car accident, which according to his wife resulted in increasingly bizarre behavior. He decided to undergo gender transition, undergoing hormone replacement therapy and planned to get sexual reassignment surgery, calling himself Frankie Ann. During this time he had sex with men, which led his wife to leave him, taking most of the couple's belongings.
Spisak then changed his mind about his gender transition, and became more obsessed with Hitler. He collected swords, Nazi memorabilia, framed pictures of Hitler, and stockpiled ammunition and guns. During the same time he dated a black female sex worker.
He shot and murdered three people in lone wolf terrorist attacks in 1982, on the campus of Cleveland State University. Two of his victims were black, 57-year-old Horace Rickerson and 17-year-old Brian Worford, and one white, 50-year-old Timothy Sheehan, whom Spisak thought was Jewish. The crime was committed in an effort to initiate a race war.
His first victim was Reverend Horace Rickerson, whom he shot on February 1, 1982, in the bathroom of the campus. Spisak had been reading a book on Hitler at Cleveland State library, before going into the bathroom and happening upon Rickerson. He shot Rickerson repeatedly with a pistol, before leaving the scene. He returned to see the crowd that had gathered upon the scene, encountering his later victim Timothy Sheehan, the campus's maintenance man. He later recounted that he had felt "pretty good" about the killing, and said it made him feel as if he had "accomplished something". He befriended Ron Reddish, a fellow neo-Nazi who would become his accomplice; together they would search the streets for black males to target.
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Frank Spisak
Frank G. Spisak Jr. (June 6, 1951 – February 17, 2011) was an American neo-Nazi serial killer and lone wolf terrorist who killed three people and attacked two from February to August 1982. Two of his victims were black, while one was white, Spisak having thought he was Jewish. He was a member of the neo-Nazi National Socialist White People's Party. In 1983, he was convicted of the murders and sentenced to death.
While in prison, he was in contact with neo-Nazi James Mason and was lionized by his newsletter SIEGE. He appealed his sentence repeatedly, with the United States Supreme Court finally ruling against him in 2010 in the decision Smith v. Spisak. Spisak was executed by lethal injection in 2011 after over 27 years spent on death row, a record for Ohio.
Frank G. Spisak Jr. was born in Cleveland, Ohio on June 6, 1951. His father was a factory worker, and moved their family to Middleburg Heights in Spisak's youth to avoid the increased black population resulting from migration. Spisak was known in high school as awkward, a member of the chess club, who was known to draw swastikas. He enrolled at Cleveland State University, but was unable to afford the tuition, and dropped out the following year.
He was a member of the National Socialist White People's Party (NSWPP, previously the American Nazi Party). In 1970, he met fellow neo-Nazi James Mason at the party's bookstore in Cleveland in addition to party meetings at their headquarters in Arlington, Virginia. According to a neo-Nazi paper, Spisak was in 1975 criticized by the White Confederacy neo-Nazi group for claiming to still be an officer in an organization from which he was actually expelled.
At 22, he married a woman named Laverne and had a daughter, with Spisak working menially at a factory. His wife found his Nazism "off-putting", with Spisak often reading about Hitler in his spare time. Three years into their marriage, Spisak sustained a head injury in a car accident, which according to his wife resulted in increasingly bizarre behavior. He decided to undergo gender transition, undergoing hormone replacement therapy and planned to get sexual reassignment surgery, calling himself Frankie Ann. During this time he had sex with men, which led his wife to leave him, taking most of the couple's belongings.
Spisak then changed his mind about his gender transition, and became more obsessed with Hitler. He collected swords, Nazi memorabilia, framed pictures of Hitler, and stockpiled ammunition and guns. During the same time he dated a black female sex worker.
He shot and murdered three people in lone wolf terrorist attacks in 1982, on the campus of Cleveland State University. Two of his victims were black, 57-year-old Horace Rickerson and 17-year-old Brian Worford, and one white, 50-year-old Timothy Sheehan, whom Spisak thought was Jewish. The crime was committed in an effort to initiate a race war.
His first victim was Reverend Horace Rickerson, whom he shot on February 1, 1982, in the bathroom of the campus. Spisak had been reading a book on Hitler at Cleveland State library, before going into the bathroom and happening upon Rickerson. He shot Rickerson repeatedly with a pistol, before leaving the scene. He returned to see the crowd that had gathered upon the scene, encountering his later victim Timothy Sheehan, the campus's maintenance man. He later recounted that he had felt "pretty good" about the killing, and said it made him feel as if he had "accomplished something". He befriended Ron Reddish, a fellow neo-Nazi who would become his accomplice; together they would search the streets for black males to target.