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Main Missile and Artillery Directorate
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Main Missile and Artillery Directorate
The Main Missile and Artillery Directorate of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation (Russian: Гла́вное раке́тно-артиллери́йское управле́ние Министе́рства оборо́ны Росси́йской Федера́ции, abbr. ГРАУ Миноборо́ны Росси́и, romanized: Glavnoye raketno-artilleriyskoye upravleniye Ministerstva oborony Rossiyskoy Federatsii, abbr. GRAU Minoborony Rossíi), commonly referred to by its transliterated acronym GRAU (ГРАУ), is a department of the Ministry of Defence. It is subordinate to the Chief of Armament and Munition of the Russian Armed Forces, a vice-minister of defence.
The organization dates back to 1862 when it was established under the name Main Artillery Directorate (Главное артиллерийское управление, ГАУ, GAU). The "R" from "rockets" was added to the title from 19 November 1960.
The GRAU is responsible for assigning GRAU indices to Russian army ammunition and equipment.
As of April 2025, the Chief of the GRAU was General mayor Aleksey Volkov.[citation needed] He was appointed in May 2024 and succeeded Generál-leytenánt Nikolai Parshin (ru:Паршин, Николай Михайлович) who took office in mid-2012.
On December 28, 1862, by order of the Minister of War No. 375, the Main Artillery Directorate (GAU) of the Ministry of War of the Russian Empire was established. The GAU supervised the supply of the army not only with artillery guns and ammunition, but also with small arms, and also supervised the combat training and staffing of artillery units. State-owned military factories were subordinate to it. It was headed by a General–Feldtseykhmeyster, and in 1908 the position of Chief of the GAU was introduced.
During the First World War the GAU played a key role in supplying the army with weapons and ammunition. During this period it was headed by General of Artillery Dmitry Kuzmin-Karavaev (ru:Kuzmin-Karavaev, Dmitry Dmitrievich) (1909-May 1915) and General of Artillery Alexey Manikovsky (May 1915 - June 1918).
In December 1917, in connection with the October Revolution and the final collapse of the Imperial Guard, Russian Imperial Army, Russian Imperial Navy and so on, the GAU was reorganized into the Artillery Directorate. It continued its work. No fundamental changes were made to it. On October 15, 1918, the position of Inspector of Artillery was established for the leadership and management of artillery at the headquarters of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic. Since August 1921, the position was renamed Chief of Artillery of the Red Army. The same year, the Artillery Directorate became the Main Artillery Directorate. The Inspector of Artillery, in accordance with his duties, supervised the combat activity of the Red Army artillery, the creation of new artillery formations, the recruitment of personnel, and the preparation of key documents concerning the development of artillery. The total number of employees was 734.
From June 1922 to 1924, the former General-Lieutenant, Red Commander (Kraskom) Georgi Sheideman (ru:Шейдеман, Георгий Михайлович) led the artillery efforts.
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Main Missile and Artillery Directorate
The Main Missile and Artillery Directorate of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation (Russian: Гла́вное раке́тно-артиллери́йское управле́ние Министе́рства оборо́ны Росси́йской Федера́ции, abbr. ГРАУ Миноборо́ны Росси́и, romanized: Glavnoye raketno-artilleriyskoye upravleniye Ministerstva oborony Rossiyskoy Federatsii, abbr. GRAU Minoborony Rossíi), commonly referred to by its transliterated acronym GRAU (ГРАУ), is a department of the Ministry of Defence. It is subordinate to the Chief of Armament and Munition of the Russian Armed Forces, a vice-minister of defence.
The organization dates back to 1862 when it was established under the name Main Artillery Directorate (Главное артиллерийское управление, ГАУ, GAU). The "R" from "rockets" was added to the title from 19 November 1960.
The GRAU is responsible for assigning GRAU indices to Russian army ammunition and equipment.
As of April 2025, the Chief of the GRAU was General mayor Aleksey Volkov.[citation needed] He was appointed in May 2024 and succeeded Generál-leytenánt Nikolai Parshin (ru:Паршин, Николай Михайлович) who took office in mid-2012.
On December 28, 1862, by order of the Minister of War No. 375, the Main Artillery Directorate (GAU) of the Ministry of War of the Russian Empire was established. The GAU supervised the supply of the army not only with artillery guns and ammunition, but also with small arms, and also supervised the combat training and staffing of artillery units. State-owned military factories were subordinate to it. It was headed by a General–Feldtseykhmeyster, and in 1908 the position of Chief of the GAU was introduced.
During the First World War the GAU played a key role in supplying the army with weapons and ammunition. During this period it was headed by General of Artillery Dmitry Kuzmin-Karavaev (ru:Kuzmin-Karavaev, Dmitry Dmitrievich) (1909-May 1915) and General of Artillery Alexey Manikovsky (May 1915 - June 1918).
In December 1917, in connection with the October Revolution and the final collapse of the Imperial Guard, Russian Imperial Army, Russian Imperial Navy and so on, the GAU was reorganized into the Artillery Directorate. It continued its work. No fundamental changes were made to it. On October 15, 1918, the position of Inspector of Artillery was established for the leadership and management of artillery at the headquarters of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic. Since August 1921, the position was renamed Chief of Artillery of the Red Army. The same year, the Artillery Directorate became the Main Artillery Directorate. The Inspector of Artillery, in accordance with his duties, supervised the combat activity of the Red Army artillery, the creation of new artillery formations, the recruitment of personnel, and the preparation of key documents concerning the development of artillery. The total number of employees was 734.
From June 1922 to 1924, the former General-Lieutenant, Red Commander (Kraskom) Georgi Sheideman (ru:Шейдеман, Георгий Михайлович) led the artillery efforts.
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