Gallaecia, also known as Hispania Gallaecia, was the name of a Roman province in the northwest of Hispania, approximately present-day Galicia, northern Portugal, Asturias and León, and the later Kingdom of Gallaecia. The Roman cities included Auria (Ourense), the port of Cale (Porto), and the governing centers Lucus Augusti (Lugo), Bracara Augusta (Braga), and Asturica Augusta (Astorga), together with their administrative areas: Conventus Lucensis, Conventus Bracarensis, and Conventus Asturicensis, respectively.

The Romans named the northwest part of Hispania or the Iberian Peninsula Gallaecia after the Celtic tribes of the area, the Gallaeci or Gallaecians.

The Gallaic make their entry into written history in the first-century epic Punica of Silius Italicus on the First Punic War:

Fibrarum et pennae divinarumque sagacem

flammarum misit dives Callaecia pubem,

barbara nunc patriis ululantem carmina linguis,

nunc pedis alterno percussa verbere terra,

ad numerum resonas gaudentem plaudere caetras. (Book III pp. 344–347)