Gamal Mubarak

Gamal Al Din Muhammad Hosni Sayed Mubarak (Egyptian Arabic: جمال الدين محمد حسنى سيد مبارك, romanized: Gamāl ad-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥusnī Sayyid Mubārak, Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [ɡæˈmæːl edˈdiːn mæˈħæmmæd ˈħosni ˈsæjjed moˈbɑːɾɑk]; born 27 December 1963) is the younger of the two sons of former Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak and former First Lady Suzanne Mubarak. In contrast to his older brother Alaa, Gamal had pursued an active public profile and was starting to wield some influence on political life in the country before the revolution of early 2011.

Prior to the revolution, Gamal was deputy secretary-general of the then-ruling and now-dissolved National Democratic Party, and head of its influential policies committee.

In 2014 and 2015, he was convicted of political corruption for diverting nearly $20 million in state funds to private use, along with his father and brother, and sentenced to three years in prison.

The EU Court of Justice later found that the Mubarak's rights of defence and rights to effective judicial protection in this case were not respected. The Court held that the EU Council had failed to verify whether the Mubarak's fundamental rights were respected in all underlying Egyptian proceedings and ruled to annul the EU sanctions imposed on the family.

Between 2015 and 2020, Gamal and Alaa Mubarak were subsequently acquitted by the Egyptian courts of the other charges brought against them.

Within the family, under his half-Welsh mother, his name is "Jimmy", while his brother Alaa is "Alan".

Mubarak's given name, Gamal, comes from Egypt's second president, Gamal Abdel Nasser. For his early education, he attended St. George's College, Cairo before entering the American University in Cairo. He graduated with a business administration degree and he also earned an MBA from the university.^{[citation needed]} He began his professional career working for Bank of America. Mubarak left Bank of America to set up London-based Medinvest Associates Ltd, which manages a private equity fund, and to do some corporate finance consultancy work.

The grooming of Gamal Mubarak to be his father's successor as the next president of Egypt became increasingly evident at around 2000. With no vice-president, and with no heir-apparent in sight, Gamal started enjoying considerable attention in Egyptian state-run media. On 3 February 2000, Hosni Mubarak appointed him to the general secretariat of the ruling National Democratic Party. Bashar al-Assad's rise to power in Syria in June 2000 just hours after Hafez al-Assad's death, sparked a heated debate in the Egyptian press regarding the prospects for a similar scenario occurring in Cairo.