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Gang of Four (Pakistan)
The Gang of Four was a quantified and common colloquial implicit term for an influential set of four military/bureaucratic officials across varying governments in Pakistan's political history.
It was first related to the military-bureaucratic nexus that arose during the first decade of Pakistan's existence, which succeeded in harnessing power at the cost of the country's fledgling parliamentary tradition. The Gang of Four included:
The same grouping was used for the top generals of the Zia-ul-Haq regime in the 1980s. Most were from or linked to Jalandhar in pre-partition India:
The term was popularized by Benazir Bhutto (1953–2007) in 1980s in political science sphere of Pakistan.
In 1999, the term was again used by military authors of Kargil War, implicating mastermind of Kargil misadventure and staging military coup d'état against Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif in 1999. The term used to relate General Pervez Musharraf's four generals who staged the coup:
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Gang of Four (Pakistan)
The Gang of Four was a quantified and common colloquial implicit term for an influential set of four military/bureaucratic officials across varying governments in Pakistan's political history.
It was first related to the military-bureaucratic nexus that arose during the first decade of Pakistan's existence, which succeeded in harnessing power at the cost of the country's fledgling parliamentary tradition. The Gang of Four included:
The same grouping was used for the top generals of the Zia-ul-Haq regime in the 1980s. Most were from or linked to Jalandhar in pre-partition India:
The term was popularized by Benazir Bhutto (1953–2007) in 1980s in political science sphere of Pakistan.
In 1999, the term was again used by military authors of Kargil War, implicating mastermind of Kargil misadventure and staging military coup d'état against Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif in 1999. The term used to relate General Pervez Musharraf's four generals who staged the coup: