Gender modality is the relationship between one's gender and the sex that they were assigned at birth. For example, someone who is assigned female at birth (AFAB) and identifies as a woman has a cisgender gender modality. The term was first coined by Florence Ashley in 2022 to describe the "broad category which includes being trans[gender] and being cis[gender]." The term was intended to be analogous to sexual orientation and to allow "space to reflect on" the relationship between gender identity and gender assigned at birth for non-binary people, people of diverse cultural backgrounds, and people with dissociative identity disorder.

The term has been applied in trans health and education literature, and by governments and courts.