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Geukensia demissa

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Geukensia demissa

Geukensia demissa is a species of mussel, a marine bivalve mollusk in the family Mytilidae, the true mussels. This species is native to the Atlantic coast of North America. The common names for this species include ribbed mussel, Atlantic ribbed marsh mussel and ribbed horsemussel. However, the common name ribbed mussel is also used for the Southern Hemisphere mussel Aulacomya atra. The appearance of the shell is grooved and oval in shape. The interior of this mussel is tinted purple.

The ribbed shells of this species usually attain a length of 10 cm length, and can be as large as 13 cm. Age can be determined by counting dark growth rings on the shell and mussels typically live 10 – 15 years, but more advanced ages are not uncommon.

The ribbed mussel occurs in the coastal waters of salt marsh habitats from the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence in eastern Canada, south along the western Atlantic coast to Florida. In the Gulf of Mexico this species is replaced by the southern ribbed mussel, Geukensia granosissima, and the two species hybridize in southern Florida.

The ribbed mussel has been introduced to Texas, Mexico, California, and Venezuela.

Ribbed mussels live in the intertidal zone, attached to hard surfaces or embedded in sediment with the help of their byssal threads. They are typically found in salt marshes where they form dense aggregations with the marsh cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) and each other since aggregating decreases an individual's chance of being preyed on.

Ribbed mussels are highly affected by small variations in temperature which makes their placement in the marsh important due to how variable temperature can be in salt marshes. Mussels that are in dense Spartina patches tended to be warmer than those who were not, and the amount of air flow that mussels receive can make a difference as well. Their position in the depth of the sediment also effects their internal body temperature.

Another example of how important microhabitats are for ribbed mussels is tidal height. In higher tidal zones, ribbed mussels do not grow to full potential and there are few out there; however, they tend to be live long and have a better chance of survival.

Ribbed mussels face more predation on marsh edges as well. Some of their predators include birds, raccoons, and blue crabs.

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