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Givetian
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| Givetian | |||||||||||||||||
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| Chronology | |||||||||||||||||
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| Etymology | |||||||||||||||||
| Name formality | Formal | ||||||||||||||||
| Usage information | |||||||||||||||||
| Celestial body | Earth | ||||||||||||||||
| Regional usage | Global (ICS) | ||||||||||||||||
| Time scale(s) used | ICS Time Scale | ||||||||||||||||
| Definition | |||||||||||||||||
| Chronological unit | Age | ||||||||||||||||
| Stratigraphic unit | Stage | ||||||||||||||||
| Time span formality | Formal | ||||||||||||||||
| Lower boundary definition | FAD of the conodont Polygnathus hemiansatus | ||||||||||||||||
| Lower boundary GSSP | Jebel Mech Irdane, Tafilalt, Morocco 31°14′15″N 4°21′15″W / 31.2374°N 4.3541°W | ||||||||||||||||
| Lower GSSP ratified | 1994[5] | ||||||||||||||||
| Upper boundary definition | FAD of the conodont Ancyrodella rotundiloba | ||||||||||||||||
| Upper boundary GSSP | Col du Puech de la Suque, Montagne Noire, France 43°30′12″N 3°05′12″E / 43.5032°N 3.0868°E | ||||||||||||||||
| Upper GSSP ratified | 1986[6] | ||||||||||||||||
The Givetian is one of two faunal stages in the Middle Devonian Period. It lasted from 387.95 million years ago to 382.31 million years ago. It was preceded by the Eifelian Stage and followed by the Frasnian Stage. It is named after the town of Givet in France. The oldest forests occurred during the late Givetian.[7] The lower GSSP is located at Jebel Mech Irdane, Tafilalt, Morocco.
Name and definition
[edit]The Givetian Stage was proposed in 1879 by French geologist Jules Gosselet and was accepted for the higher stage of the Middle Devonian by the Subcommission on Devonian Stratigraphy in 1981.[8]
References
[edit]- ^ Kaufmann, Bernd; Trapp, Endres; Mezger, Klaus (July 2004). "The numerical age of the Upper Frasnian (Upper Devonian) Kellwasser horizons: A new U-Pb zircon date from Steinbruch Schmidt (Kellerwald, Germany)" (PDF). The Journal of Geology. 112 (4): 495–501. Bibcode:2004JG....112..495K. doi:10.1086/42107. eISSN 1537-5269. ISSN 0022-1376. JSTOR 421077. LCCN 25013118. OCLC 1608377. S2CID 129963970. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 10, 2024. Retrieved December 16, 2025.
- ^ Algeo, Thomas; Scheckler, Stephen E. (January 29, 1998). "Terrestrial-marine teleconnections in the Devonian: links between the evolution of land plants, weathering processes, and marine anoxic events". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 353 (1365): 113–130. doi:10.1098/rstb.1998.0195. eISSN 1471-2970. PMC 1692181. S2CID 84656565.
- ^ Parry, Stephen F.; Noble, Stephen R.; Crowley, Quentin C.; Wellman, Charles H. (June 15, 2011). "A high-precision U–Pb age constraint on the Rhynie Chert Konservat-Lagerstätte: time scale and other implications" (PDF). Journal of the Geological Society. 168 (4). Geological Society of London: 863–872. Bibcode:2011JGSoc.168..863P. doi:10.1144/0016-76492010-043. eISSN 2041-479X. ISSN 0016-7649. LCCN 79641612. OCLC 1934542. S2CID 128679831. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 11, 2025. Retrieved December 16, 2025.
- ^ "International Chronostratigraphic Chart" (PDF). International Commission on Stratigraphy. December 2024. Retrieved October 23, 2025.
- ^ Walliser, O.; Bultynck, P.; Weddige, K.; Becker, R.; House, M. (September 1995). "Definition of the Eifelian-Givetian Stage boundary". Episodes. 18 (3): 107–115. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/1995/v18i3/002. Retrieved 19 December 2020.
- ^ Klapper, Gilbert; Feist, Raimund; House, Michael (June 1987). "Decision on the Boundary Stratotype for the Middle/Upper Devonian Series Boundary". Episodes. 10 (2): 97–101. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/1987/v10i2/004. Retrieved 19 December 2020.
- ^ Becker, R.T.; Gradstein, F.M.; Hammer, O. (2012). "Chapter 22 - The Devonian Period". In Gradstein, F.M.; Ogg, J.G.; Schmitz, M.D.; Ogg, G.M. (eds.). The Geologic Timescale 2012. Elsevier. p. 578. doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-59425-9.00022-6. ISBN 978-0-444-59425-9.
- ^ Préat, Alain; Bultynck, Pierre (2006). "Givetian" (PDF). Geologica Belgica. 9 (1–2): 9–18. Retrieved 12 March 2013.
Further reading
[edit]- Klug, C (2002). "Quantitative stratigraphy and taxonomy of late Emsian and Eifelian ammonoids of the eastern Anti-Atlas (Morocco)". Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg. 238: 1–109.
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