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Master in Management (France)

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Master in Management (France)

In France, a Master in Management (MiM), known in French as the "Programme Grande École" (PGE), literally "Grande École program", is a three-year higher education course in business management offered by accredited public and private business Grandes Écoles and evaluated by the French Government through the CEFDG - Commission d'évaluation des formations et diplômes de gestion. It awards a master's degree, associated with level 7 ISCED of the National Professional Qualifications Register.

In France, Grandes Écoles are elite academic institutions and an alternative system to universities that admit students through an extremely competitive process. It's similar to the Ivy League in the United States, Oxbridge in the UK, and C9 League in China.

It should not be confused with its Anglo-Saxon equivalent, the Master of Management, a master's degree comprising 1 to 2 years of university-level courses in business administration, whereas a French Master in Management (or PGE) generally lasts 3 years.

In 2022, the Commission d'évaluation des formations et diplômes de gestion counted 83 accredited and evaluated PGEs out of 184 degree courses (PGEs and other courses). They are generally listed among the Master in Management programmes in French and international rankings, including the one published annually by the Financial Times.

According to French sociologist Pierre-Michel Menger, PGE is the "most prestigious" degree in initial training in management and administration in France, awarded by the Grandes Écoles, which form a "closed and highly hierarchical" oligopoly of thirty to forty schools. In general in France, a degree awarded by a public or private Grande École is more prestigious than a degree awarded by a university in the mainstream French public university system.

It is an Accredited Diploma, one of two Grande École diplomas, along with the Engineer's Diploma.

In 1991, the École supérieure de commerce de Lille, now Skema Business School, was the first to offer its PGE in continuing education.

In 2002, the licence-master-doctorat reform, part of the Bologna Process, enabled the grandes écoles, including the business schools (ESC), to award a master's degree on behalf of the French Government, at the same time as a PGE giving entitlement to it. According to French sociologist Marianne Blanchard, this reform has contributed "to the privatisation of higher education and the weakening of the traditional French public university", removing their monopoly on awarding university degrees in France. A commission was set up to evaluate business schools wishing to obtain the degree: the Commission d'évaluation des formations et diplômes de gestion (in English: "Commission for the evaluation of management courses and diplomas"). A set of specifications defining the criteria to be taken into account when examining an application for a degree to confer the university grade of Master was published in 2014 and updated in 2020.

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