Hanover Junction is a small unincorporated community, which is located in south-central York County, Pennsylvania, United States, near the borough of Seven Valleys. The junction serves as a rest stop on the York County Heritage Rail Trail.

The Hanover Junction Railroad Station, a historic transit building in Hanover Junction dating to the 1850s, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

Established in 1851 as a railroad junction of the Northern Central Railway and the Hanover Branch Railroad, a hotel and a few houses were quickly erected to serve the needs of railroad passengers and local workers.

In early 1853, newspapers reported arrivals and departures, at the Hanover Junction Railroad Station, of "The Accommodation Train" from and to Baltimore, Maryland. This train was operated by the Baltimore and Susquehanna Railroad every day except Sundays.

In mid-December 1858, newspapers reported that the Gettysburg Railroad had officially opened for business. Two trains left Gettysburg's Carlisle Street depot daily, one departing at 7:00 a.m. that connected "Hanover Junction with the up-train, for York, Harrisburg, Columbia, and Philadelphia," and the "down-train" that left Hanover Junction at 12:45 p.m. and transported passengers to Baltimore.

By the spring of 1859, the Gettysburg Railroad was operating express and mail trains between Hanover Junction and Baltimore.

In April 1861, during the opening months of the American Civil War, Hanover Junction became a frequent gathering point for Union Army soldiers from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania for transportation to and from points south, where they were stationed to protect the nation's capital city, Washington, D.C., and other sites that were endangered by advancing Confederate States Army troops. As the war widened, train traffic expanded through Hanover Junction as horses and supplies were transported south with Union soldiers in greater and greater numbers.

In June 1863, major newspapers across the United States carried reports regarding the advance of Confederate troops toward and into Pennsylvania. During the morning of June 27, the town of Carlisle was occupied by Confederate forces, which then began pressing forward toward the town of Gettysburg and threatening Hanover Junction, which was reportedly still in communication by telegraph with state officials and military leaders in the capital city of Harrisburg. Communications were then halted shortly thereafter when Confederate troops cut the telegraph wires between York and Hanover Junction. News reports at that point indicated that Confederate troops led by Jubal Early, which had reached Gettysburg on June 26 and were "in force at Abbottstown and Kingston," had reached the Northern Central Railroad sometime around noon on June 27, where they were able to hamper Union Army leaders from communicating by telegraph with their superiors in Harrisburg.