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Hardwick Hall

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Hardwick Hall

Hardwick Hall is an architecturally significant Elizabethan-era country house in Derbyshire, England. A leading example of the Elizabethan prodigy house, the Renaissance style home was built between 1590 and 1597 for Bess of Hardwick to a design of the architect Robert Smythson. Hardwick Hall is one of the earliest examples of the English interpretation of this style, which came into fashion having slowly spread from Florence. Its arrival in Britain coincided with the period when it was no longer necessary or legal to fortify a domestic dwelling.

The British Army's 1st Parachute Brigade was formed at Hardwick Hall in 1941. The Airborne Forces Depot and Battle School was located on the grounds of the estate from 1942 to 1946.

After centuries in the Cavendish family and the line of the Earl of Devonshire and the Duke of Devonshire, ownership of the house was transferred to the Treasury in 1956 and then to the National Trust in 1959. The building was approaching ruin and required stabilisation and restoration.

The Hall is open to the public and received 298,283 visitors in 2019.

Hardwick Hall is surrounded by the 2,500 acre Hardwick Estate which contains meadows, woodland and ponds, the eastern side of Hardwick Estate extends into Nottinghamshire.

Designed by Robert Smythson in the late 16th century, Hardwick Hall is sited on a hilltop between Chesterfield and Mansfield overlooking the Derbyshire countryside. It was ordered by Bess of Hardwick, Countess of Shrewsbury and ancestress of the Dukes of Devonshire, and owned by her descendants until the mid-twentieth century.

Bess of Hardwick was the richest woman in England after Queen Elizabeth I, and her house was conceived to be a conspicuous statement of her wealth and power. The windows are exceptionally large and numerous at a time when glass was a luxury, leading to the saying, "Hardwick Hall, more glass than wall." In order to give more scope for huge windows without weakening the exterior walls, the Hall's chimneys are built into the internal walls of the structure.

The house's design also demonstrated new concepts not only in domestic architecture, but also of a more modern way in which life was led within a great house. Hardwick was one of the first English houses where the great hall was built on an axis through the centre of the home, rather than at right angles to the entrance.

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