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Hazel Hunkins Hallinan
Hazel Hunkins Hallinan (née Hunkins; June 6, 1890 – May 17, 1982) was an American women's rights activist, journalist, and suffragist.
Hunkins Hallinan was born on June 6, 1890, in Aspen, Colorado, and grew up in Billings, Montana. She was the only daughter of Lewis Hunkins, a jeweller, watchmaker, and civil war veteran, and an Englishwoman, Ann Whittingham.
Hunkins earned a bachelor's degree in chemistry from Vassar College. She then lectured in chemistry to freshmen at the University of Missouri for three years, whilst beginning a master's degree in chemistry, but was denied promotion despite being better qualified than her male colleagues. Her career was impacted when she was expected to return home to nurse her critically ill mother. Hunkins applied for a chemistry teaching post at Billings high school but was told that only men would be considered for the post, although she accepted a botany and geography position.
She took up the suffragist cause after 200 chemical firms refused to hire her as an industrial chemist because she was a woman.
Hunkins met Anna Louise Rowe, of the National Woman's Party (NWP) in the summer of 1916, when the latter was in Billings to establish NWP branches across Montana on behalf of Alice Paul, the party's leader. Hunkins's began organising Billings's NWP branch, then become Montana's state chair of the National Woman's Party, travelling the state speaking at public meetings. When the Democratic Party blocked proposed equality legislation for women, NWP members concentrated their efforts on picketing the White House in Washington. Demonstrating with the Silent Sentinels Hunkins chained herself to the White House gates in 1917, for which she was subjected to physical violence and verbal abuse from crowds and police, then jailed, along with other suffragists.
Hunkins served several gaol sentences and took part in prison hunger strikes from 1917. She and other women suffrage protesters considered that they were being held as political prisoners by the US government, as they were American citizens but protesting being denied the vote.
Hunkins moved to Britain in July 1920 to conduct research for the American Railway Brotherhood on the British co-operative movement. She wrote the column ''London Letter'' for The Chicago Tribune. Her future husband Charles Hallinan crossed the Atlantic to follow her in November as the financial editor of United Press International. Hunkins and Hallinan lived together in London, but did not formally marry until the end of the decade. She never called herself "Mrs Charles Hallinan. I have always had my own name".
Hunkins Hallinan published a collection of essays, In Her Own Right. She also contributed to Speaker for Suffrage and Petitioner for Peace, a memoir by Mabel Vernon. Other contributors were Consuelo Reyes-Calderon, Fern S. Ingersoll, and Rebecca Hourwich Reyher.
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Hazel Hunkins Hallinan
Hazel Hunkins Hallinan (née Hunkins; June 6, 1890 – May 17, 1982) was an American women's rights activist, journalist, and suffragist.
Hunkins Hallinan was born on June 6, 1890, in Aspen, Colorado, and grew up in Billings, Montana. She was the only daughter of Lewis Hunkins, a jeweller, watchmaker, and civil war veteran, and an Englishwoman, Ann Whittingham.
Hunkins earned a bachelor's degree in chemistry from Vassar College. She then lectured in chemistry to freshmen at the University of Missouri for three years, whilst beginning a master's degree in chemistry, but was denied promotion despite being better qualified than her male colleagues. Her career was impacted when she was expected to return home to nurse her critically ill mother. Hunkins applied for a chemistry teaching post at Billings high school but was told that only men would be considered for the post, although she accepted a botany and geography position.
She took up the suffragist cause after 200 chemical firms refused to hire her as an industrial chemist because she was a woman.
Hunkins met Anna Louise Rowe, of the National Woman's Party (NWP) in the summer of 1916, when the latter was in Billings to establish NWP branches across Montana on behalf of Alice Paul, the party's leader. Hunkins's began organising Billings's NWP branch, then become Montana's state chair of the National Woman's Party, travelling the state speaking at public meetings. When the Democratic Party blocked proposed equality legislation for women, NWP members concentrated their efforts on picketing the White House in Washington. Demonstrating with the Silent Sentinels Hunkins chained herself to the White House gates in 1917, for which she was subjected to physical violence and verbal abuse from crowds and police, then jailed, along with other suffragists.
Hunkins served several gaol sentences and took part in prison hunger strikes from 1917. She and other women suffrage protesters considered that they were being held as political prisoners by the US government, as they were American citizens but protesting being denied the vote.
Hunkins moved to Britain in July 1920 to conduct research for the American Railway Brotherhood on the British co-operative movement. She wrote the column ''London Letter'' for The Chicago Tribune. Her future husband Charles Hallinan crossed the Atlantic to follow her in November as the financial editor of United Press International. Hunkins and Hallinan lived together in London, but did not formally marry until the end of the decade. She never called herself "Mrs Charles Hallinan. I have always had my own name".
Hunkins Hallinan published a collection of essays, In Her Own Right. She also contributed to Speaker for Suffrage and Petitioner for Peace, a memoir by Mabel Vernon. Other contributors were Consuelo Reyes-Calderon, Fern S. Ingersoll, and Rebecca Hourwich Reyher.