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Headley, Surrey
Headley is a village and civil parish in the North Downs in Surrey, England. The nearest settlements are, to the west, Mickleham and Leatherhead; to the north, Ashtead and Langley Vale; to the east, Walton-on-the-Hill; and to the south, Box Hill. It is just outside the M25 motorway encircling London.
The Romans had an influence nearby, with the Roman Road to Noviomagus Reginorum, called by the Saxons Stane Street, some 2 km from the village, and a considerable Roman presence in the neighbouring village of Walton-on-the-Hill, with its scheduled ancient monument villa and other finds.
Headley's land lay in the Saxons' Copthorne Hundred. As Saxon records are scant and the church and population were smaller, no church in Headley is known to have existed during this period; the first records of a church date after the Norman Conquest. Next to the present 19th-century church is a grotto, constructed using materials from the earlier 15th-century church and placed over the grave of the Revd Ferdinand Faithful.
Headley appears in the Domesday Book of 1086 as the manor of Hallega. Radulfus (Ralph) de Felgeres held it. Its domesday assets were: 2 hides; 6 ploughs, woodland worth 15 hogs. It rendered £5 per year to its overlords. The survey records that the manor was held before the conquest by Countess Goda, who had granted it to her by her brother, King Edward the Confessor. Halle(g)a means a clearing in the heather, which is appropriate considering the village's position on a large patch of acidic topsoil of the generally alkaline North Downs.
The church, dedicated to St Mary[which one?] and designed by Anthony Salvin, was built in 1855, with an added tower of 1859 by G. E. Street. It is built from relatively local flint rubble and is listed as Grade II. The triptych (1895) on the altar is by Charles Edgar Buckeridge.
Walter Cunliffe, later 1st Baron Cunliffe and the Governor of the Bank of England, was given the original farmhouse estate, formerly the main manor, and its remaining 300 acres (1.2 km2), Headley Court, in 1880 by his father on the condition that he would make a career in banking rather than become a farmer. He redeveloped it in 1898. The family fortune had been made by Walter's grandfather, James Cunliffe, through his development of the North Eastern Railway.
There has been little new housing built in the late 20th century and early 21st century, as the village is part of the London Green Belt and the Surrey Hills Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. Substantially, the steep and quick-draining land is covered by woods. A large minority of the field land in the village is used primarily for grazing by the many riding establishments in the area. Headley Heath is managed by the National Trust, and other nearby areas are controlled by the Surrey Wildlife Trust and other nature reserves. The heath is part of the Mole Gap to Reigate Escarpment Site of Special Scientific Interest.
Most of the population works outside the village, with care and rehabilitation, maintenance, extension work, equestrian work and agriculture being the main categories of work within the village.
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Headley, Surrey
Headley is a village and civil parish in the North Downs in Surrey, England. The nearest settlements are, to the west, Mickleham and Leatherhead; to the north, Ashtead and Langley Vale; to the east, Walton-on-the-Hill; and to the south, Box Hill. It is just outside the M25 motorway encircling London.
The Romans had an influence nearby, with the Roman Road to Noviomagus Reginorum, called by the Saxons Stane Street, some 2 km from the village, and a considerable Roman presence in the neighbouring village of Walton-on-the-Hill, with its scheduled ancient monument villa and other finds.
Headley's land lay in the Saxons' Copthorne Hundred. As Saxon records are scant and the church and population were smaller, no church in Headley is known to have existed during this period; the first records of a church date after the Norman Conquest. Next to the present 19th-century church is a grotto, constructed using materials from the earlier 15th-century church and placed over the grave of the Revd Ferdinand Faithful.
Headley appears in the Domesday Book of 1086 as the manor of Hallega. Radulfus (Ralph) de Felgeres held it. Its domesday assets were: 2 hides; 6 ploughs, woodland worth 15 hogs. It rendered £5 per year to its overlords. The survey records that the manor was held before the conquest by Countess Goda, who had granted it to her by her brother, King Edward the Confessor. Halle(g)a means a clearing in the heather, which is appropriate considering the village's position on a large patch of acidic topsoil of the generally alkaline North Downs.
The church, dedicated to St Mary[which one?] and designed by Anthony Salvin, was built in 1855, with an added tower of 1859 by G. E. Street. It is built from relatively local flint rubble and is listed as Grade II. The triptych (1895) on the altar is by Charles Edgar Buckeridge.
Walter Cunliffe, later 1st Baron Cunliffe and the Governor of the Bank of England, was given the original farmhouse estate, formerly the main manor, and its remaining 300 acres (1.2 km2), Headley Court, in 1880 by his father on the condition that he would make a career in banking rather than become a farmer. He redeveloped it in 1898. The family fortune had been made by Walter's grandfather, James Cunliffe, through his development of the North Eastern Railway.
There has been little new housing built in the late 20th century and early 21st century, as the village is part of the London Green Belt and the Surrey Hills Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. Substantially, the steep and quick-draining land is covered by woods. A large minority of the field land in the village is used primarily for grazing by the many riding establishments in the area. Headley Heath is managed by the National Trust, and other nearby areas are controlled by the Surrey Wildlife Trust and other nature reserves. The heath is part of the Mole Gap to Reigate Escarpment Site of Special Scientific Interest.
Most of the population works outside the village, with care and rehabilitation, maintenance, extension work, equestrian work and agriculture being the main categories of work within the village.