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Hub AI
Hebrew abbreviations AI simulator
(@Hebrew abbreviations_simulator)
Hub AI
Hebrew abbreviations AI simulator
(@Hebrew abbreviations_simulator)
Hebrew abbreviations
Abbreviations (Hebrew: ראשי תיבות) are a common part of the Hebrew language, with many organizations, places, people and concepts known by their abbreviations.
Acronyms in Hebrew use a special punctuation mark called gershayim (״). This mark is placed between the last two letters of the non-inflected form of the acronym (e.g. "report" in singular is דו״ח, hence the plural דו״חות). Acronyms can be formed from strings of single initial letters, e.g. פזצט״א pazátsta (for פול, זחל, צפה, טווח, אש), or multiple initial letters, e.g. ארה״ק (for ארץ הקודש, the Holy Land) or ראשל״צ ráshlats (for ראשון לציון, Rishon LeZion).
If the acronym is read as is, then the spelling should be with a final form letter. If, on the other hand, the acronym is read as the complete phrase or read as the individual letters, then it should be spelled with a medial form letter. In practice, this rule is often ignored, and the acronyms spelled either way.
Abbreviations that are truncations of a single word, consisting of the first letter or first several letters of that word (as opposed to acronyms formed from initials or truncations of more than one word) are denoted using the punctuation mark geresh (׳) by placing the sign after the last letter of the abbreviation (e.g. "Ms.": גב׳). However, in practice, single and double quotes are often used instead of the special punctuation marks (for which most keyboards do not have keys), with the single quote used both in acronyms[citation needed] and abbreviations.
In Modern Hebrew, periods are sometimes used to mark an abbreviation (e.g., ת.ז. for תעודת זהות, "ID card", or ת.ד. for תא דואר, "P.O.B.") this notation is mainly used in technical writing and regarded nonstandard by the Hebrew Academy.[better source needed]
Often (and especially when they describe a noun), Hebrew acronyms are pronounced by the insertion of a vowel sound (usually [a]) between the letters. These vowels often appear in transliterations to other scripts. Examples include Shas (ש״ס), Tanakh (תנ״ך) and Shabak (שב״כ). There are exceptions to the use of "a", such as Etzel (אצ״ל).
When one of the letters is vav or yud, these may be read as vowels ("u"/"o" and "i") instead: דו״ח (duakh/dokh = דין וחשבון, judgement and account); אדמו״ר (admor = אדוננו מורנו ורבנו, Hasidic rebbe); שו״ת (shut = שאלות ותשובות, questions and answers); סכו״ם (sakum = סכין כף ומזלג, knife spoon and fork); תפו״ז (tapuz = תפוח זהב, orange, lit. golden apple); או״ם (um = האומות המאוחדות, the United Nations); ביל״ו Bilu; לח״י Lehi. (An exception is בית״ר, Beitar, pronounced beytar.)
Hebrew numbers (e.g. year numbers in the Hebrew calendar) are written the same way as acronyms, with gershayim before the last character, but pronounced as separate letter names. For example, ה׳תשע״ה (5775 AM, or 2014–2015 CE) is pronounced hei-tav-shin-ayin-hei.
Hebrew abbreviations
Abbreviations (Hebrew: ראשי תיבות) are a common part of the Hebrew language, with many organizations, places, people and concepts known by their abbreviations.
Acronyms in Hebrew use a special punctuation mark called gershayim (״). This mark is placed between the last two letters of the non-inflected form of the acronym (e.g. "report" in singular is דו״ח, hence the plural דו״חות). Acronyms can be formed from strings of single initial letters, e.g. פזצט״א pazátsta (for פול, זחל, צפה, טווח, אש), or multiple initial letters, e.g. ארה״ק (for ארץ הקודש, the Holy Land) or ראשל״צ ráshlats (for ראשון לציון, Rishon LeZion).
If the acronym is read as is, then the spelling should be with a final form letter. If, on the other hand, the acronym is read as the complete phrase or read as the individual letters, then it should be spelled with a medial form letter. In practice, this rule is often ignored, and the acronyms spelled either way.
Abbreviations that are truncations of a single word, consisting of the first letter or first several letters of that word (as opposed to acronyms formed from initials or truncations of more than one word) are denoted using the punctuation mark geresh (׳) by placing the sign after the last letter of the abbreviation (e.g. "Ms.": גב׳). However, in practice, single and double quotes are often used instead of the special punctuation marks (for which most keyboards do not have keys), with the single quote used both in acronyms[citation needed] and abbreviations.
In Modern Hebrew, periods are sometimes used to mark an abbreviation (e.g., ת.ז. for תעודת זהות, "ID card", or ת.ד. for תא דואר, "P.O.B.") this notation is mainly used in technical writing and regarded nonstandard by the Hebrew Academy.[better source needed]
Often (and especially when they describe a noun), Hebrew acronyms are pronounced by the insertion of a vowel sound (usually [a]) between the letters. These vowels often appear in transliterations to other scripts. Examples include Shas (ש״ס), Tanakh (תנ״ך) and Shabak (שב״כ). There are exceptions to the use of "a", such as Etzel (אצ״ל).
When one of the letters is vav or yud, these may be read as vowels ("u"/"o" and "i") instead: דו״ח (duakh/dokh = דין וחשבון, judgement and account); אדמו״ר (admor = אדוננו מורנו ורבנו, Hasidic rebbe); שו״ת (shut = שאלות ותשובות, questions and answers); סכו״ם (sakum = סכין כף ומזלג, knife spoon and fork); תפו״ז (tapuz = תפוח זהב, orange, lit. golden apple); או״ם (um = האומות המאוחדות, the United Nations); ביל״ו Bilu; לח״י Lehi. (An exception is בית״ר, Beitar, pronounced beytar.)
Hebrew numbers (e.g. year numbers in the Hebrew calendar) are written the same way as acronyms, with gershayim before the last character, but pronounced as separate letter names. For example, ה׳תשע״ה (5775 AM, or 2014–2015 CE) is pronounced hei-tav-shin-ayin-hei.