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Hellenic Railways Organisation
The Hellenic Railways Organisation or OSE (Greek: Οργανισμός Σιδηροδρόμων Ελλάδος, romanized: Organismos Sidirodromon Ellados or Greek: Ο.Σ.Ε.) was the Greek national railway company which owned, maintained and operated all railway infrastructure in Greece with the exception of Athens' rapid transit lines from 1971 to 2025. Services on these lines are run by Hellenic Train., a former OSE subsidiary, Rail Cargo Logistics Goldair, Pearl and Grup Feroviar Român.
Hellenis Railways Organisation was founded on 1 January 1971, with the Legislative Decree 674/1970, taking over the responsibilities as the successor to the Hellenic State Railways which had been founded in 1920. OSE is owned 100% by the Greek State. In 1996 ERGOSE was created within OSE to facilitate infrastructure projects. In 1999 The first section of the electrified line between Thessaloniki and Eidomeni is opened. Power is provided by an Overhead Contract System with 25 kV AC, 50 Hz
In 2001, the infrastructure element of OSE was created, known as GAIAOSE. It would henceforth be responsible for the maintenance of stations, bridges and other elements of the network, as well as the leasing and sale of railway assists. In 2003, OSE launched "Proastiakos SA", as a subsidiary to serve the operation of the suburban network in the urban complex of Athens during the 2004 Olympic Games. In 2005, TrainOSE was created as a brand within OSE to concentrate on rail services and passenger interface. In 2008, all Proastiakos were transferred from OSE to TrainOSE. In 2013 ΕΕΣΣΤΥ, Stock Maintenance Company became a separate part of OSE responsible for both the maintenance of rolling stock and the leasing of it.
In December 2008 the Hellenic Republic Asset Development Fund became the sole shareholder of the corporation. A tendering process for the privatisation of TrainOSE began in July 2013. After a change in government the process was suspended in 2015, before recommencing in January 2016. Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane submitted the only binding offer, GEK Terna and Russian Railways submitted expression of interests but not formal offers.
On 14 July 2016, the privatisation agency accepted Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane's €45 million offer. The sale was completed on 14 September 2017. In 2019 Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane aquared ΕΕΣΣΤΥ As of December 2020, the Greek railway network consisted of 2,293 kilometres (1,425 mi) of active line length, some sections of which, such as the Peloponnese metric network, are used only in tourist seasons. The approximate length of the active network in permanent operation reaches 1,800 kilometres (1,100 mi)
On 5 September 2023, Storm Daniel triggered largescale flooding in Thessaly. The rail infrastructure was badly affected in the region, cutting off both Regional and Intercity routes as significant parts of the infrastructure were washed away. OSE engineers were on the ground in the worst affected areas Domokos, Doxaras, and Paleofarsalos to assess the extent of the damage, and prepare detailed reports, and seek financial assistance from the European Union. 50 km (31 mi) of tracks was completely destroyed Repairing the extensive damage, was estimated at between 35 and 45 million euros. OSE managing director, Panagiotis Terezakis, spoke of reconstruction works reaching 50 million euros, confirming at the same time that there will be no rail traffic in the effected sections of the network for at least a month. The devastation goes beyond the tracks and signalling, affecting costly equipment such as the European Train Control System (ETCS), which enhances rail safety. In November 2023, rail services resumed between Larissa and Rapsani after the devastating storm With Through services from Athens to Thessaloniki recommencing on 16 December 2023. However services between Larissa and Volos remain suspended across Thessaly’s coast until the track is repaired, with a rail-replacement bus in operation.
In December 2024 it was announced that ERGOSE would merge back into OSE bringing together the responsible for managing railway infrastructure projects (particularly those co-funded by European Union) with managing railway assets, maintenance of stations and bridges, as well as the leasing and sale of railway properties into a single operational structure.
In 2025, a deal was reached for Deutsche Bahn to assist in modernizing Greece’s railway system. Deutsche Bahn will support the operation and improvement of parts of the Greek rail network, contributing technical expertise, staff training, and operational guidance. The agreement follows Greece’s efforts to enhance railway safety and infrastructure after a major train accident in 2023 and is part of a initiative to strengthen public transport systems across member states. The cooperation includes the deployment of German railway specialists and engineers to Greece, where they will assist in improving rail services and operations.
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Hellenic Railways Organisation
The Hellenic Railways Organisation or OSE (Greek: Οργανισμός Σιδηροδρόμων Ελλάδος, romanized: Organismos Sidirodromon Ellados or Greek: Ο.Σ.Ε.) was the Greek national railway company which owned, maintained and operated all railway infrastructure in Greece with the exception of Athens' rapid transit lines from 1971 to 2025. Services on these lines are run by Hellenic Train., a former OSE subsidiary, Rail Cargo Logistics Goldair, Pearl and Grup Feroviar Român.
Hellenis Railways Organisation was founded on 1 January 1971, with the Legislative Decree 674/1970, taking over the responsibilities as the successor to the Hellenic State Railways which had been founded in 1920. OSE is owned 100% by the Greek State. In 1996 ERGOSE was created within OSE to facilitate infrastructure projects. In 1999 The first section of the electrified line between Thessaloniki and Eidomeni is opened. Power is provided by an Overhead Contract System with 25 kV AC, 50 Hz
In 2001, the infrastructure element of OSE was created, known as GAIAOSE. It would henceforth be responsible for the maintenance of stations, bridges and other elements of the network, as well as the leasing and sale of railway assists. In 2003, OSE launched "Proastiakos SA", as a subsidiary to serve the operation of the suburban network in the urban complex of Athens during the 2004 Olympic Games. In 2005, TrainOSE was created as a brand within OSE to concentrate on rail services and passenger interface. In 2008, all Proastiakos were transferred from OSE to TrainOSE. In 2013 ΕΕΣΣΤΥ, Stock Maintenance Company became a separate part of OSE responsible for both the maintenance of rolling stock and the leasing of it.
In December 2008 the Hellenic Republic Asset Development Fund became the sole shareholder of the corporation. A tendering process for the privatisation of TrainOSE began in July 2013. After a change in government the process was suspended in 2015, before recommencing in January 2016. Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane submitted the only binding offer, GEK Terna and Russian Railways submitted expression of interests but not formal offers.
On 14 July 2016, the privatisation agency accepted Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane's €45 million offer. The sale was completed on 14 September 2017. In 2019 Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane aquared ΕΕΣΣΤΥ As of December 2020, the Greek railway network consisted of 2,293 kilometres (1,425 mi) of active line length, some sections of which, such as the Peloponnese metric network, are used only in tourist seasons. The approximate length of the active network in permanent operation reaches 1,800 kilometres (1,100 mi)
On 5 September 2023, Storm Daniel triggered largescale flooding in Thessaly. The rail infrastructure was badly affected in the region, cutting off both Regional and Intercity routes as significant parts of the infrastructure were washed away. OSE engineers were on the ground in the worst affected areas Domokos, Doxaras, and Paleofarsalos to assess the extent of the damage, and prepare detailed reports, and seek financial assistance from the European Union. 50 km (31 mi) of tracks was completely destroyed Repairing the extensive damage, was estimated at between 35 and 45 million euros. OSE managing director, Panagiotis Terezakis, spoke of reconstruction works reaching 50 million euros, confirming at the same time that there will be no rail traffic in the effected sections of the network for at least a month. The devastation goes beyond the tracks and signalling, affecting costly equipment such as the European Train Control System (ETCS), which enhances rail safety. In November 2023, rail services resumed between Larissa and Rapsani after the devastating storm With Through services from Athens to Thessaloniki recommencing on 16 December 2023. However services between Larissa and Volos remain suspended across Thessaly’s coast until the track is repaired, with a rail-replacement bus in operation.
In December 2024 it was announced that ERGOSE would merge back into OSE bringing together the responsible for managing railway infrastructure projects (particularly those co-funded by European Union) with managing railway assets, maintenance of stations and bridges, as well as the leasing and sale of railway properties into a single operational structure.
In 2025, a deal was reached for Deutsche Bahn to assist in modernizing Greece’s railway system. Deutsche Bahn will support the operation and improvement of parts of the Greek rail network, contributing technical expertise, staff training, and operational guidance. The agreement follows Greece’s efforts to enhance railway safety and infrastructure after a major train accident in 2023 and is part of a initiative to strengthen public transport systems across member states. The cooperation includes the deployment of German railway specialists and engineers to Greece, where they will assist in improving rail services and operations.