Hillel Solotaroff (1865–1921) was a doctor involved in the Jewish and Yiddish-speaking anarchist movement in New York. Solotaroff emigrated from Elizabetgrad in 1882. While attending medical school, he contributed to anarchist publications and gave public lectures. He was a member of the Jewish anarchist group Pioneers of Liberty and introduced the anarchist duo Emma Goldman and Alexander Berkman. Throughout his life, Solotaroff continued to write for various publications, including a daily column for the Yiddish-language newspaper Der Tog (The Day).

Later in his life, Solotaroff's views shifted to the right toward nationalism and Labor Zionism.