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Hoc Mazarin

Hoc Mazarin, also just Hoc, is an historical French gambling game of the Stops family for two or three players. The game was popular at the court of Versailles in the 17th century and was named after Cardinal Mazarin, chief minister to the King of France.

Hoc Mazarin is named after Italian prelate Cardinal Mazarin (1602–1661), who served as the chief minister to the kings of France, Louis XIII and Louis XIV, from 1642 until 1661. Mazarin probably invented the game and he was certainly much in favour of it while at the court of Versailles. It is mentioned in the literature as early as 1649, where it is described as "an invention of the devil".

The rules first appeared in 1654 simply under the name of Hoc, even though the name Hoc Mazarin was already in vogue, but by 1730 they were being printed as rules for Hoc Mazarin which was described as one of two variants of Hoc. The second variant was Hoc de Lyon or Hoc de Lion which, however, is nowhere described. Rules for Hoc or Hoc Mazarin continued to be reprinted until the late 19th century.

Hoc Mazarin is a multi-stake, vying game with two stages. In the first, each player is dealt 12 cards from a standard pack and compete for 3 stakes for point, sequence and tricon. In the second, they play a type of Hoc in which the aim is to be first to shed all one's hand cards. The following rules are based on the Académie des Jeux Oubliés.

A standard 52-card pack is used with card ranking in their natural order, Aces low.

Each player is typically given 20 jetons and 8 fiches at the start of the game, the equivalent of 100 jetons. The pack is fanned on the table, face down, and each player draws a card; the one with the lowest becomes the first dealer. The dealer shuffles, offers to the left for cutting and deals 15 cards (if two are playing) or 12 cards (if three play). The rest are placed face down to one side and are out of the game.

Before each deal, players ante 3 jetons to the table as a pool, one for each of the following stakes:

Players vie separately for each of the three stakes. First hand opens the bidding and has three options: to declare, raise or pass. Subsequent players may hold (adding the same number of jetons as the player before, raise (by adding more jetons than the player before) or fold by saying "(it's) good". Raising is limited to a maximum of, usually, 20 jetons.

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French gambling game
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